Review Sheet Chapter 17 Endocrine 1. What are the endocrine glands and what is the function of each? 2. What is the difference between and endocrine and an exocrine gland? 3. What is a target cell and why is this important for hormone function? 4. What are the three triggers for hormone secretion? Explain how each stimulus works? 5. What is a positive feedback loop? Name one hormone that exhibits this type of feedback. 6. What is a negative feedback loop? What is a positive feedback loop?7. What is the relationship between the pituitary and the hypothalamus? What hormones does the hypothalamus secrete? 8. Does the hypothalamus control the pituitary or does the pituitary control the hypothalamus? 9. Where are these two structures located? 10. Name the hormones (and functions) secreted by the pituitary. Be able to identify the hormones of the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis. 11. What is extremely different about the hormones of the adenohypophysis and the hormones of the neurohypophysis. (hint: where are they made?) 12. Developmentally, which of the two parts of the pituitary gland is actually neural tissue?13. What is the hypophyseal portal system? How do hormones intended to affect the adenohypophysis reach it? 14. What is ADH/vasopressin? How does it work? 15. Explain the positive feedback loop involved in the physical response to oxytocin. 16. What is a tropic hormone? 17. Where is the thyroid gland located? What is the shape of a healthy thyroid? 18. What are the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland? Which of these is involved in calcium metabolism? Which of these is involved in metabolism more generally? 19. Is the thyroid gland under positive or negative feedback control? Explain the role of the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the thyroid in this feedback cycle.20. What is a goiter? Why does this develop? 21. Where are the parathyroid glands? What is the job of the parathyroid? 22. Explain the interactions between the thyroid and the parathyroid in terms of calcium homeostasis. 23. Where are the adrenal glands located? How are the cortex and medulla different glands? (what tissue is each derived from?) 24. What is the function (generally) of both the cortex and the adrenal glands? 25. What is the pineal gland and where is it located? What is its function? 26. Where is the pancreas? Why is it considered by an exocrine and an endocrine gland?27. Explain the role of beta and alpha cells in glucose metabolism. 28. What are islets of Langerhans? 29. How are the causes of Type I and Type II diabetes different? 30. What is the job of growth hormone? 31. What causes of pituitary dwarfism? Gigantism? How does acromegaly differ from gigantism? 32. What are the effects of the hormone prolactin? 33. FSH and LH act on what structures? Where are these structures located? What hormones are these structures stimulated to produce? 34. What is the role of estrogen? Progesterone?
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