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Mizzou PTH_AS 2201 - Ch 3 Tissue Level Organization

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Tissues- collections of specialized cells and their cell products that do something specific beased on the types4 typesepitheliaconnectivemuscleneuralepithelial tissuecells compromising tissues which cover surfaces, lines body cavities and form glandsglands are secreory units derived from epithleiacharacteristicstightly joined cell groups that are polarizedone side “heavier” than the otherapical surface face some environmentbottom anchored to basal laminalateral surfaces meet other similar cellsjoined by junction complexescontinuously being replaces by mitosisare an avascular layer or cellno bood vessels that go throughfunctionsphysical protectioncontrol of permeabilityprovide sensationby detecting changes in the environment and sending this info to the N.S.produces specialized secretion through glands (glandular cells)specializationmicrovillilike fingers of a comb increase S.A. and involved in absorptionhas actinstereocilialongest of specializationonly ones that branchbut not motileonly in male reproductionhas actinremove stuff in spermatoozaciliano branching but motile9-2 arraryjunction complexoccur on lateral sides to keep cells close and occurs in 3’sthe 3 together is the junction complexmeant to prevent things from making their way to the top of the cellways to classify epithelialnumber of cell in the epithelialif one layer- simpleif multiple layers- stratifiedshape of the surface layer of the cellsquamous- thin, flat, and scale-like cellscuboidal- cell is as wide as it is tallcolumnar- taller than it is widesimple epithelialsimple squamousvascular systembody covitiesbowmens capsulerespiratory spaces in lungsimple cubodialsmall ducts of exocrine systemsurface of ovarieskidneys tubulesthyroid folliclessimple columnarsmall intestine and colonstomanch lining and gastric glandsgall bladderpseudostratified columnartracheaductus deferensefferent ductules of epididymisstratifiedstratirfied squamousepidermisoral cavity and esophagusvaginastratified cuboidaltransitionalcan have some stretching (bladder is full compared to when bladder is emptykidneysureterbladderurtherastratified columnarglandexocrine glandssecretion discharged through ductsonto skin or epithelial cellsserous glands- produce a thin, watery secretionmucous glands- produce a viscous sticky secretionmixture glands- produce bothunicellular- songle cells by themselves (goblet cells)multi-cellular-secretory sheetmerocrine (eccrine) secretion- salivary glands and merocrine sweat glandsmost common by exocytosisloss secretory productsaprocrine secretion- mammary gland, apocrine sweat glandsloss of secretory production as well apical cytoplasm as wellodor producing glands in the armpit or pubicholocrine secretion- in sebaceous glandswhole cell bursts and becomes the secretionall organelles are lost so everything is secretedendocrine glands-secrete hormonesductlessConnective TissueAll containSpecialized cellsExtracellular fibersGround substance (mucopolysaccharides)FunctionsForms structural frameworkTransport fluids and dissolved materialsProtects organsSupport surrounds connects other tissuesStore energy reservesDefend body from invasionsBroken down into connective tissue proper, fluid and supportiveCT properFixed cells- have a permanent zip codeFibroblasts- most common and always presentFusitom- spindle shapedResponsible for the production and maintenance of extracellular fibers most commonare the collagneMacrophagesEat foreign objectsAdipocytesFat cells/ single large droplet (most common type of fat cells)Mesenchymal cellsStem can which delevlop into all types of CT cellsMelanocytesProduce pigmentWandering cellsMacrophages- can wander tooMast cells- secrete histamine and other substances that act at blood vesselsLymphocytesGo where tissue infection or inflammation occursFibersCollagen fibersReticular fibers(type III collagen)Elastic fibers- made from elastinBranching and wavyCan stretch and recoilTypes of CT properLoose CT- fills space between organs, cushions organs, and support epitheliumAreolarAdipose- fat under skinReticular- in liverDense CT- mainly collagenous fibersRegular- tendons and ligamentIrregular- different directions and in dermis and covering of bone and cartilageSupporting CTCartilage and boneSupport and bodyLess diverseCartilageCovered by perichondrium- dense irregular CTMatrix is a firm gelChondroblasts (form it) and chondrocytes (maintain it) but cannot undergo mitosisAvascular- no blood supply gets nutrients through diffusion and have poor capacity for repair (mostly needs replacements)Hyaline cartilageElastic cartilageFibrocartiliageBoneMatrix composed of collagen fibers, ca2+ salts osteocytes (cells in lacunae)Spongy bone- makes marrowCompact bone- structural supportHas the capacity to repair fractions but is not flexibleMembranesComposed of a epithelial layer and underlying CTForms a barrier to cover and protect under lying structure and tissues4 typesmucousseriouscutaneoussynovialFasciaSuperficial fascia- separates skin from underlying tissues and organsSubcutaneous layerDeep fasciaMuscle TissueSpecialized for contraction- they contract and relax slowlySkeletalNo branching with long cylindrical muscle fibersMultinucleated at the edge of the muscle fiberStriatedUnder voluntary controlSatellite cells (stem cells) provide a limited repair of muscle fibersCardiacIndividual cells that show branchingSingle nucleus that is in the centerStriatedInvoluntary require ANSNo satellite cells no little or no regeneration/repairSmoothShort tapered individual cellsSingle nucleus that lies at the centerNot striatedInvoluntary ANS controlsCan divide and undergo mitosis and regulate themselvesNeural TissuesReceive and transmit electrical impulsesTwo typesNeurons- structural and functional units of central and PNSCell body (soma)Dendrites (branching end) bring info into cellAxon- insulated and conducts impulses away from the cell (only one)Neuroglia (assist the neurons)Ch 3 Tissue Level Organization 19/01/2010 19:13:00← Tissues- collections of specialized cells and their cell products that do something specific beased on the types← 4 types- epithelia- connective- muscle- neural← epithelial tissue- cells compromising tissues which cover surfaces, lines body cavitiesand form glands- glands are secreory units derived from epithleia- characteristicsotightly joined cell groups that are polarizedone side “heavier” than the otheroapical surface face some environmentobottom anchored to basal


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Mizzou PTH_AS 2201 - Ch 3 Tissue Level Organization

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