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Mizzou PTH_AS 2201 - Ch 5 Skeletal System

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Go to medical school library in learning resource center and look at the bones in the boxesSunday afternoon 3rd floor from 1-3 to reviewPractice exam goes up sundayFunction of the SkeletonSupportStructural supportAttachment of musclesWeight and work with work with muscles to produce controlStorage of mineralMaintains normal concentration in the body fluidsCalcium- 98%PhophastesBlood Cell productionIn red bone marrowProtectionSkull and rib cageLeverageBone as TissueDense connective tissueCellsOsteoblasts- develops into an osteocyteImmature bone-forming cellsSynthesize osteoid- organiz components of matrix calcifies to form hard matrixProduces now bone- osteogenesisOsteoclastsLarge multi-nucleated cellsDissolves bony matirs (osteolysis)Regulate Ca2+ and phosphate concentrationsOsteoprogenitor cellsMesenchymal (embryonic) stem cellsProduces osetoblastsPlay a role in fracture repairLarger than osteoblast and not always seenOsteocytes- is the cell of the boneMature bone cellsCompletely surrounded by hard bone matrixMaintain and monitor both protein and mineral content of matrixFound in lacunaeInterconnected by canaliculi layers of matrix= lamellaeOsteoblast vs. osteoclastsBlast- secrete bony matrix to make bone strongClast- dissolves the bony matrix which releases ca2+ into the body fluidsKeeps the bone strong and in balanceBlast- deposit Ca2+ faster than the clasts removes them stronger and larger bonesClasts- remove ca2+ faster than blast weak brittle boneMatrixCollagen fibers- 1/3 weight of the bone- tough and flexibleSurrounded by calcium saltsCalcium phosphate joins with calcium hydroxide- 2/3 of the weight of the boneOsteocytes make up 2%Types of bonesCompact- Dense and solid- on outside all aroundCollagen fibers switches each layer giving more strength to resist crackingOsteon is the basic functional unit- (looks like a bulls-eye)Osteocytes arranged in concetric layers aroundcentral canal which contain vesselsneed vessels to supply blood otherwise bone diesPerforating canals connect central canalsLamellaeCylindrical and parallel to long axis of boneConcentric lamellae- the bulls-eyeInterstitial lamellae- in between concentric lamellaeCircumferential lamellae- on outer surface and inner surface of the boneSpongy (cancellous bone)- Forms an open network- on insideTrabeculae- Arranged in plates or strutsNo osteonsLong Bone- humerus or femurDiaphysis- shaftOnly oneEpiphysis- ends of the boneTwo at each endMetaphysis- between diaphysis and epipysisTwo of themCovers of the bonePeriosteum- covers the boneCellular layer- inner layer that holds bone productionFibrous layer- outer layerIsolates and protects boneHighly vascular and contains numerous nerves (where pain comes from)Ends of the tendon and the periosteum bind together to give great strength so the bone will break before the muscle gets pulled off the boneLayers lining marrow cavityEndosteumIncomplete cellular layerUsually one cell thickContains osteoprogenitor cellsTermsOsteogenesis- production of new boneOsteolysis- break down of boneCalcification- deposition of calcium salts in tissueOssification- replacing EXISITING tissue with boneIntramembranousIncludes flat bone of the skull and the mandible and some ear bonesDevelops from the mesenchyme- embryonic CTCT develops straight into boneOsteoprogenitor cells osteoblast osteocytesOsteoblasts secrete matrixMineralization of calcium salts take placeStep 1- mesenchymal cells develop into osteoblastsStep 2- KNOW ALL STEPSEndochondralMensenchyme hyaline cartilage boneChrondocytes enlarge in center of boneChondrocytes osteoblastsPerochrondrium  periosteum-inner cellular layer is osteogenetic layer (bone collar) produces osteoblastsosteoblast migrate to centerprimary ossification center- bone sent down in the centerossification centerswhere ossification beginsinvolved in both forms of ossificationprimary- in diaphysis only 1cartilage breaks down replaced by spongy bone until the metaphysiscavity formed by osteoclasts to form marrow cavitygrowth is length of the bone metaphysissecondary ossification center- in epiphysis 2 (at each end)center of epiphysis is bonechrondrocytes osteocyteswidth of bone is appositional growth in periosteumgrowth is lengthening of the bone at 2nd ossification centerpiphyseal (cartilage) plate- growth platecan tell age of a child by size of epiphyseal plate or ossification processdiaphysis side- boneepipihysis side- cartilagego over this shit im still confused damn facebookFracture Repair of BoneHematoma occursOsteoprogentior form cartilage bumpOsteoclasts take away debrisBone ends up stronger and thicker where the break wasClassification of bonesLongLonger bones- femur, humerus, phalanges1 dia and 2 epipFlatSkullCompact bone makes bread of a sandwichSpongy bone makes the bolognaPneumatizedHas air in it somewhowHas a sinusIrregularvertabraeShortCarpal and tarsal bonesSeasmoidDevelops in a tendonPatella in the tendons of the quadricepsBone MarkingsTrochanter- large rough projectionHeadNeckCOMMON BONE MARKING TERMINOLOGY- know these TABLE 5.1Tuberocity- smaller rough projectionSpine- pointed processLearn specific names if toldAxial Skeletonin the straight lineskullcranial bones- 8 bones- intramembranous ossification1 frontal- forehead1 pariteal- on the side1 occipital- in the back2 temporal1 sphenoid1 ethnoidimmovable joints- sutures5 of them know them!Fetal skulls have cartilage where sutures will be (close at age 2)facial bones- 14 bonesmaxillary- 1located in face oral cavity nasal cavity orbitwhat angles can you see it?palatine- 2nasal- 22 zygotmatic2 lacrimal2 inferior concha1 mandibleAppendicular SkeletonThe limbsCh 5 Skeletal System 26/01/2010 19:14:00← Go to medical school library in learning resource center and look at the bones in the boxes← Sunday afternoon 3rd floor from 1-3 to review← Practice exam goes up sunday←← Function of the Skeleton- SupportoStructural supportoAttachment of musclesoWeight and work with work with muscles to produce control- Storage of mineraloMaintains normal concentration in the body fluidsoCalcium- 98%oPhophastes- Blood Cell productionoIn red bone marrow- ProtectionoSkull and rib cage- Leverage← Bone as Tissue- Dense connective tissue- CellsoOsteoblasts- develops into an osteocyteImmature bone-forming cellsSynthesize osteoid- organiz components of matrix calcifies to form hard matrixProduces now bone- osteogenesisoOsteoclastsLarge multi-nucleated


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