Twelve Cranial NervesNeed to know numberNameFibersLocationInferior aspect of the brain stemCN= Cranial nerveOlfactory- ISmellsensoryOptic Nerve- IIVisionsensoryOculomotor-IIITrochlear-IVAbducens-VIAll three of themMotor fibersMove the eyeballTrigeminal- VMaxillary branchOphthalmic branchMandibular branchMotor fibersInnervates al the skin of the faceSensoryMixed nerveFacial- VIIThe muscles of the faceObicularis oris/ocular/ buccinatorsTaste fibersSensoryVestibulocochlear-VIIISpecial sensory nerveGlossopharyngeal-IXMotor fibersGeneral sensorySpecial sensory of tasteVagus-XSpecial sensory- tasteAccessoryMotor innervating the skeletal musclesHypoglossalCan help stick your tongue outSpecial sense fibersI-smellII-visionVIII-hearing and balanceVII-tasteIX-tasteX-tasteSpinal cordFound in vertebral canalSurrounded by meningesContinuous with medulla of brain stem at foramen magnumTapers to conus medullaris and ENDS AT intervertebral discs between L1 and L2Has anterior and posterior median sulcusWhite matter has axons and gliagrey matter (neural cell bodies and ganglia) on insideOpposite of brain (grey on outside and white on inside)Cervical has more grey matter than thoracicLumbar has more grey matter than C and TSacral has the more grey matterWhat comes off the spinal cord has rootsIn dorsal rootOn dorsal sidedorsal root ganglionHas sensory infoIn ventral rootMotor infospinal nervedorsal root and ventral root come togethermixed fibersventral primary ramusmixed fibers31 spinal cord pairs8 cervical- 7 cervical bone12 thoracic- 5 thoracic bone5 lumbar- 5 lumbar bone5 sacral- 5 sacral bone1 coccygeal- 1 coccygealpair of dorsal rootspair of dorsal root gangliapair of ventral rootMeningesProvide physical stability and shock aborptionSame three layersEXCEPT space between bone and dura called epidural spaceSpacesEpidural space- where epidurals goSubdural space- between dura and arachnoidSubanachnoid space- where you find CSFReabsorbed at arachnoid granulationsFilum termanalisIn subarachnoid spaceFxn-Extended piaCauda equinaCollection of dorsal and ventral roots off most distal spinal cordS1-S5- all within subarachnoid space- looks like horse hairCenus medullarisEnd of spinal cordHornsDorsal/posterior hornVentral/ anterior hornGrey matterTracts or columnWhite matterHow fibers go up and down spinal cordCoversEpineurium- whole nervePerinerium- around fasciclesEndoneurium- around individual axonVentral primary ramus-Continuation of spinal nerveDermatomeArea of skin innervated by ONE of spinal nerveGoes around bodyDermatomal patternSensory informationPlexusesFormed by ventral primary ramiCervical- both sensory and motorMainly from C2,3,4Come out and form a very complex pattern and then form nervesBrachial- know locationC5-T1Formed by ventral primary ramiJoin and split in a patternJoin to form superior trunk, middle trunk, and inferior trunkSplit into divisions and then join into cords (3 cords)Cords split into terminal branches (5 branches.. know themMuscoluocutaneous nerve-Median nerve- anterior forearm nothing in armUlnar nerve- all interosse- funny bone- nothing in armRadial nerve- extensors musculature of the upper limb- posterior to humerusAxillary- deltoid and teres minor- posterior to humerusCarpal tunnel- median nerveCranial Nerves 25/02/2010 19:21:00← Twelve Cranial Nerves- Need to know number- Name- Fibers- LocationoInferior aspect of the brain stem- CN= Cranial nerve← Olfactory- I- Smell- sensory← Optic Nerve- II- Vision- sensory← Oculomotor-III← Trochlear-IV← Abducens-VI- All three of them - Motor fibers- Move the eyeball← Trigeminal- V- Maxillary branch- Ophthalmic branch- Mandibular branchoMotor fibers- Innervates al the skin of the faceoSensory- Mixed nerve← Facial- VII- The muscles of the faceoObicularis oris/ocular/ buccinators- Taste fibersoSensory← Vestibulocochlear-VIII- Special sensory nerve← Glossopharyngeal-IX- Motor fibers- General sensory- Special sensory of taste← Vagus-X- Special sensory- taste← Accessory- Motor innervating the skeletal muscles← Hypoglossal- Can help stick your tongue out← Special sense fibers- I-smell- II-vision- VIII-hearing and balance- VII-taste- IX-taste- X-taste← Spinal cord- Found in vertebral canal- Surrounded by meninges- Continuous with medulla of brain stem at foramen magnum- Tapers to conus medullaris and ENDS AT intervertebral discs between L1 and L2- Has anterior and posterior median sulcus- White matter has axons and glia- grey matter (neural cell bodies and ganglia) on insideoOpposite of brain (grey on outside and white on inside)oCervical has more grey matter than thoracicoLumbar has more grey matter than C and ToSacral has the more grey matter- What comes off the spinal cord has rootsoIn dorsal rootOn dorsal sidedorsal root ganglionHas sensory infooIn ventral rootMotor infoospinal nervedorsal root and ventral root come togethermixed fibersventral primary ramusmixed fibers- 31 spinal cord pairso8 cervical- 7 cervical boneo12 thoracic- 5 thoracic boneo5 lumbar- 5 lumbar boneo5 sacral- 5 sacral boneo1 coccygeal- 1 coccygealpair of dorsal rootspair of dorsal root gangliapair of ventral root← Meninges- Provide physical stability and shock aborption- Same three layers- EXCEPT space between bone and dura called epidural space← Spaces- Epidural space- where epidurals go- Subdural space- between dura and arachnoid- Subanachnoid space- where you find CSF oReabsorbed at arachnoid granulations← Filum termanalis- In subarachnoid space- Fxn-- Extended pia← Cauda equina- Collection of dorsal and ventral roots off most distal spinal cordoS1-S5- all within subarachnoid space- looks like horse hair← Cenus medullaris- End of spinal cord← Horns- Dorsal/posterior horn- Ventral/ anterior horn- Grey matter← Tracts or column- White matter- How fibers go up and down spinal cord← Covers- Epineurium- whole nerve- Perinerium- around fascicles- Endoneurium- around individual axon← Ventral primary ramus-- Continuation of spinal nerve← Dermatome- Area of skin innervated by ONE of spinal nerveoGoes around body- Dermatomal pattern- Sensory information← Plexuses- Formed by ventral primary rami- Cervical- both sensory and motoroMainly from C2,3,4oCome out and form a very complex pattern and then form nerves- Brachial- know locationoC5-T1oFormed by ventral