PSYC 4620 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Adult AttachmentII. Adult Attachment StylesIII. AttachmentIV. TraitsOutline of Current Lecture V. Trait Theory VI. Gordon AllportVII. Henry MurrayVIII. Raymond CattellCurrent LectureAssumptions of Trait Theory- Stable over timeo Changes occur over yearso Stable across situationsTrait Theory in a Nutshell- Differs from other theorieso Not about individual predictions segment of trait predictionso No major schools of therapy- All about normso How an individual compares to everyone else (the norm)- Used in diagnosis and charting progress in therapyo Same idea behind IQ testsRight Brain or Left Brain- Myth- Richard Sperry’s 1981 epilepsy experiments- Specialized structures located in different hemispheres, but it’s all about integration- Connection-by-connection, not structureGordon Allport- Meeting with FreudThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Said you need to look at conscious before conscious- Recognized limitations of trait theoryo Doesn’t take into account environmental factors that influence personalityo Doesn’t predict personality of individualso Physiological elementsAllport’s Approaches- Two approaches to personality researcho Nomothetic approach: fit people into categories Common traits: apply to everyoneo Idiographic approach: Look into the individual rather than categories Used to identify the unique combo of traits that best account for a single person’s personality Central traits: 5 to 10 traits that describe personality Cardinal traits: Dominant Secondary: PeripheralHenry Murray- Blend of psychoanalytic and trait concepts- Created the TAT- Approach to trait theory: called personologyPersonology- Needs are the basic elements of personality- Two kinds of needs:o Viscerogenic needs Food, water, shelter, basics to keep you aliveo Psychogenic needs A person’s readiness to respond to situations in a certain way given certain conditions Unconscious, 27 different needs- Everyone has a hierarchy of needso The hierarchy is influenced by the situation- Press: the situationo Ex: a dirty roomo Some may clean it up, some may leave it for laterRaymond Cattell- Let the data speak- Doesn’t make sense to have a list of traits- Try to find every trait ever- Look for trends- Derived categories from the data: factor analysis- Factor analysiso Look through lots of datao Look for trends- Focused on finding out how many personality traits exist- Found 16 traitso Called source traits- Created the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire- CHC model in IQ testingo Used factor analysis for
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