PSYC 4620 1st Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I. John B. WatsonII. B.F. SkinnerIII. Classical ConditioningIV. Operant ConditioningOutline of Current Lecture V. Limitations of Punishment VI. ShapingVII. Generalization and DiscriminationVIII. Julian RotterCurrent Lecture Behavior + -+Consequence-Limitations of Punishment- Doesn’t teach appropriate behaviors, only teaches what is not appropriate- Immediate and consistent- Negative side effectso Associate other behaviorsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Positive reinforcement Positive punishmentNegative reinforcement Negative Punishmento Aversive reaction to people- ModelingBottom Line:- Punishment is least desirable choice to change problem behavior- Best case: temporary suppression, reinforce new behaviorShaping- Problem: a behavior can only be reinforced after it is performed- Solution: shaping (successive approximation)o Complex behaviorsGeneralization and Discrimination- Stimulus Generalizationo Learning carries over into new situationso Minimal reinforcement needed- Stimulus Discriminationo Generalization must be reinforcedo Discriminate between rewarded and non-rewarded actions- Schedules of reinforcementTelling Them Apart- Classical Conditioningo Begins with an existing stimulus-response bond (pairing)- Operant Conditioningo Begins with behaviors the person/organism does spontaneouslySocial Learning Theory- Why can’t internal events like thoughts and attitudes be conditioned the same way as overt behavior?o They canKey Ideas- Social Learning Theoryo Umbrella term for a lot of theories- Bridges traditional behaviorism and cognitive theories- The way people treat you (environment) is partly the result of how you act (behavior)o Behavior-environment-behavior interactions- People often provide their own reinforcersJulian Rotter- Complexity of humans- Behavior potentialo Likelihood behavior will occur Expectancy: estimation of what will happen Internal/external locus of controlo Reinforcement value: Preference for
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