PSYC 4620 1st Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I. Albert BanduraII. Behavioral Explanations for DisordersIII. Treatments using Classical Conditioning and operant Conditioning IV. Self-EfficacyOutline of Current Lecture V. Strengths and Criticisms of Behaviorism and Social LearningVI. Gender RolesVII. Masculinity and FemininityVIII.Gender Roles and Psychological Well-BeingCurrent LectureStrengths- Solid foundation in empirical research- Therapeutic applicationso Baseline data/objective criteriao Populationso Cost-benefit- Social learningo Expanded, filled in gapsCriticisms- Too narrowo Especially traditional behaviorism- Role of heredity- Humans more complex than lab animalso Generalizability- Therapy-reduce everything to observable behaviors=distort the issueso Problem vs. symptomsChapter 14: ResearchThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Gender Roles- Sex vs. gendero Sex: biologicalo Gender: identification- Traditional stereotypeso Men: aggressive, independent, assertive, unemotionalo Women: passive, dependent, affectionate- Some changes seen recently- Gender roles are culturally boundLifelong Process of Gender Role Socialization- Acquire and maintained through operant conditioning and observational learning- Starts very early o Parents described newborns when they knew the gendero Girls: softer, feminine features - Less than 2 years of age: girls more likely to receive dolls, furniture- Boys: sports, tools- Less likely to receive non-gender role gifts their kid asks for (girl asks for tools, won’t get them)- Pink and Blue Projecto Pictures of boys and girls rooms- Observational learningo Parents, then friendso Must observe a behavior is performed more by one than the othero Operant conditioning if child is rewarded Masculinity-Femininity- Whether you fit into gender roles- Pg. 279-381o Compare traditional Masculinity/Femininity Model to the Androgyny Model What does the model look like? (spectrums) Characteristics of masculinity/femininity and androgyny Assumptions of each modelGender Type and Psychological Well-Being- Congruence Modelo Masculinity and femininity most well-adjusted Rarely supported- Masculinity Modelo M key to mental health Some support, especially gender type/self esteem- Androgyny Modelo Androgyny at work, interpersonal relationships Mixed support- Measurement is trickyBottom Line- Relationship between individual differences in gender roles and well-being- Not sure how it works yetGender Types and Interpersonal Relationships- Long term relationships, relationship satisfaction-married to someone with feminine characteristics, regardless of gender- Suggested reasonso Femininity: better able to express feelings, easier to talk too Androgyny: more aware of, better able to express romantic feelingso Femininity and androgyny: better communication, sensitivity to needs/feelings,
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