PSYC 4620 1st Edition Lecture 28 Outline of Last Lecture I. Limitations of Punishment II. ShapingIII. Generalization and DiscriminationIV. Julian RotterOutline of Current Lecture V. Albert BanduraVI. Behavioral Explanations for DisordersVII. Treatments using Classical Conditioning and operant Conditioning VIII. Self-EfficacyCurrent LectureAlbert Bandura- Social cognitive theory- Reciprocal determinationo System with interacting influences that affect the behavior and the system itself Internal factors: thoughts, beliefs, expectations External factors: rewards, punishments Internal and external factors determine behavior o Imagination and self-regulation Pg. 358-up to youObservational Learning- Bandura’s money maker- Learn by watching others, note what works and what doesn’t o Observation I don’t have to do the behavior myself to learn it because I learned it through observationo Performance Whether or not you perform the behavior is going to depend on what youthink the outcome will be- Bobo doll experimento Kids who saw rewards when adults were aggressive were more likely be aggressive when left aloneThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ApplicationBehavioral Explanations for Disorders- Abnormal behavior can be created through conditioning o Little Albert US: white rat, UR: play with it CS: loud noise CR: scream and cry Generalization: little Albert afraid of anything white and fluffyo Phobias Classical conditioning learning can be reinforced by then operant conditioning- Wrong behavior gets reinforcedo Ex: OCDo Compulsions to reduce anxiety, so you keep doing it (washing your hands exactly 5 times)- Too little reinforcement lack of appropriate behaviorsTreatments using Classical Conditioning- Systematic desensitizationo Fear of spiderso Hierarchy: what is the scariest thing involving spiders 10-1o Start at number 1 (the least scary thing involving spiders), then continue until there is no more fear involved with spiders- Aversion therapyo Pair something you hate with something you loveo Make a teenager smoke a whole pack of cigarettes to keep them from smokingTreatments using Operant Conditioning- Parenting skills, modifying children’s behavior- Biofeedbacko Tension headaches, blood pressure, heart rate, brain wavesSelf-Efficacy- Confidence in ability to exert control over motivation, behavior, environment- Outcome expectationo Actions=outcomeo The extent to which you believe that your actions will lead to a certain outcome- Efficacy expectationo Actions=possibleo The extent to which you believe you can perform the action- High level or low level of self-efficacy depends on these 2 expectations- Pg. 366: where do efficacy expectations come from?- Pg. 367: How to increase
View Full Document
Unlocking...