MUSIC 0311 1nd Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last LectureI. The Muslim WorldII. Islam & Music (Recitation of the Quran)III. Defining “Music”IV. Adhan (Islamic Call to Prayer)V. Sufism VI. Mevlevi OrderVII. Sama (Sema in Turkish)VIII. The Mevlevi Order in TurkeyOutline of Current Lecture I. AfricaII. Sub-Saharan AfricaIII. Colonized AfricaIV. General Characteristics of Sub-Saharan African MusicV. Ewe Dance-DrummingVI. EweCurrent LectureAfricaAfrica is the world’s second largest and second most populous continent. Africa covers about sixpercent of Earth’s total surface area and had about 1.1 billion people as of 2013. 50% of Africans are 19 years old or younger. Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa is the area of Africa that lies south of the Sahara Desert. Since about 3500 B.C.E., the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara. The traditional Sub-Saharan music is about as diverse as the region’s various populations. A large part of Sub-Saharan music is rhythmic and centered around the drum. Dance involves moving multiple body parts.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Colonized AfricaFrom the 1870s to 1900, Africa faced eventual conquest and colonization by the Europeans. TheEuropean imperialist push into Africa was motivated by three main factors: economic, political, and social.General Characteristics of Sub-Saharan African MusicSub-Saharan African Music has interlocking rhythms. It also has cyclical forms with a use of ostinato, which is a continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm. This music uses polyrhythm,which is the simultaneous occurrence of sharply contrasting rhythms within a composition. Lastly, Sub-Saharan African music uses call and response. Call and response in music is a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different musicians, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or response to the first. In African cultures, call and response is a pervasive pattern of democratic participation. Call and response is a tradition that African men and women have transmitted over the years in various forms of expression, such asreligious observance, public gatherings, children’s rhymes, and in music. Ewe Dance-DrummingEwe dance-drumming refers to the drumming ensembles of the Ewe people of Ghana, Togo, andBenin. The Ewe people are known for their experience in drumming throughout West Africa.EweThe Ewe of both nations share much of the same traditional rhythms and dances but the various villages like to compete against each other by improving their drumming. Some Ewe rhythms and songs are highly religious, while others talk about the history and remarkable events of the Ewe people. Other rhythms and songs are just for entertainment. One of the drums of the Ewe people is called the Atsimevu, which is a master drum that is between 5 and 6feet in length. The atsimevu has to be leaned over to be played, but a typical ensemble consists of various drums and supporting instruments. One traditional rhythm of the Ewe people is the Agbadza. Today this rhythm is a very fun recreational