MUSIC 0311 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last LectureI. The Beatles and Indian MusicII. “Norwegian Wood (This Bird has Flown)”III. “Love You To”IV. “I Zimbra”V. WorldbeatVI. Paul SimonOutline of Current LectureI. PolynesiaII. HawaiiIII. Hawaiian Slack-key guitarIV. UkuleleV. Hawaiian drum-dance chantVI. HakaVII. New ZealandCurrent LecturePolynesiaPolynesia is a subregion of Oceania, made up of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are termed Polynesians and share many similar traits including language, culture, and beliefs. HawaiiHawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia. The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip-hop. Hawaii’s musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state’s small size. Styles like slack-key guitar are well known worldwide. Hawaii also made a huge contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Hawaiian Slack-key guitarThe slack-key guitar is a finger style genre of guitar music. Its name refers to its characteristic open tunings: the English term is a translation of the Hawaiian ki ho’alu, which means “loosen the (tuning) key”. Most slack-key tunings can be achieved by starting with a guitar in standard and detuning or “slacking” one or more of the strings until the six strings from a single chord, frequently G major. UkuleleThe ukulele sometimes abbreviated to uke, is a member of the lute family of instruments; it generally employs four nylon or gut strings or four courses of strings. The ukulele originated in the 19th century as a Hawaiian interpretation of the machete, a small guitar-like instrument. It gained great popularity elsewhere in the United States during the early 20th century, and from there spread internationally. The tone and volume of the instrument varies with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone.Hawaiian drum-dance chantIn the eastern Polynesian islands known as Hawaii, the making of music and dance is center on mele or chanted texts. Mele, sung alone, are said to be performed in the oli style (without dance or musical instruments). When coupled with hula (dance), they are called mele hula, and when the pahu drum is added the performance is called mele hula pahu. More specific terms are also applied to mele that are used for specific purposes such as processionals, prayers, and naming.The practice of perpetuating tradition through the teacher-student relationship is strong in Hawaiian mele. Performers’ styles are recognized, back through time, in their teacher’s, and their teachers’ teacher’s styles. These recordings give a view of several performance styles of Hawaiian mele between 1923 and 1989, although the traditions and the mele reach much further back in time.HakaA haka is a traditional ancestral war cry, dance, or challenge from the Maori people of New Zealand. It is a posture dance performed by a group, with vigorous movements and stamping of the feet with rhythmically shouted accompaniment. War haka were originally performed by warriors before a battle, proclaiming their strength and prowess in order to intimidate the opposition.New ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The New Zealand sports teams’ practice of performing a haka before their international matches has made the dance more widely known around the