MUSIC 0311 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Classifications of InstrumentsII. Musical TerminologyOutline of Current Lecture I. India and the Indian SubcontinentII. VedasIII. Vedic ChantIV. VarnaV. Indian Musical Instruments (Northern India)VI. Characteristics of Indian MusicCurrent LectureIndia and the Indian SubcontinentIndia is the second most populous country in the world. Islam has been in India since the 10th century and countries around India are mostly of Islamic religion. Therefore, Islam does play a role in Indian music. Also, Hinduism is the most dominant religion in India.VedasVedas is one of the major elements of Hinduism. They are very old sacred texts that are usually orally transmitted. Orally transmitted music tends to last longer.Vedic ChantIn one regard, Vedic chants may not be conceived as music. However, we can view it as music. Itis the rhythmic chanting of words from Vedas. Vedic chants have rhythm and pitches. They usually use 3 major pitches and there are different durations to which the pitches are given. Pitches are generally divided into high, medium, and low. The text dictates the music; the music does notdictate the text. Vedic chanting can go on for hours and can only be done by Brahmin’s (priests) of Hindi society.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Varna (caste) SystemIndian Musical Instruments (Northern India)A tabla is a membranophone. Tabla is a name for the pair of instruments (drums). It is played using ones hands sitting down. It is used as both a solo and accompaniment instrument, but it israrely played by itself. Bol(s) are syllables that are used to represent sounds on the table. There is a different syllable when using one hand than when using both hands to play.A sitar is a chordophone. Drones are single notes that are used continuously played throughout the piece. Whenever the main strings are plucked on a sitar, the other strings will vibrate. This iscalled sympathetic vibration. It is rare to have a sitar performance without the presence of the tabla.A tanpura (tambura) is similar to a sitar, but it does not have frets. A tanpura is a chordophone. 99% of the time, a tanpura is used to accompany a sitar player. The tanpura player is usually a student of the sitar player. The main purpose of the tanpura is to use it as a drone.Tabla, sitar, and tanpura are usually used together. These three instruments represent a fundamental element of Indian music.Sudra(Commoners, Peasants, Servants)Viasya(Merchants, Landowners)Kshatryia(Warriors)Bhramin(Priests)Out cast- out of caste, Untouchables(Street Sweepers, Latrine Cleaners)Characteristics of Indian Music- Musical Layerso Melodic Soloisto Accompanying drummero Drone instrument-Ragao A melodic elemento Raga is a system of rules and procedures for melodic composition and improvisation. There are many different ragas in Indian music with each of them having a different set of rules. Another word for raga is mode.- Talao Rhythmic