MUSIC 0311 1nd Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last LectureI. MexicoII. Son MexicanoIII. MariachiIV. Mariachi “guitars”V. Son JarochoVI. RancheraVII. Good Neighbor PolicyVIII. The Three Caballeros Outline of Current LectureI. CubaII. RumbaIII. Son CubanoIV. Clave (Rhythm)V. Afro-Cuban DrumsVI. Bossa NovaCurrent LectureCubaCuba is an island country in the Caribbean. Havana is the capital of Cuba and also its largest city.The island of Cuba was inhabited by numerous Mesoamerican tribes prior to the landing of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Cuba remained a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 when it gained nominal independence as a de facto U.S. protectorate in 1902. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean with over 11 million inhabitants. Today, Cuba is the only remaining communist state to receive a “very high” human development ranking from the United Nations.RumbaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Rumba is a family of percussive rhythms, song and ballroom dance that originated in Cuba as a combination of various musical traditions. The name “rumba” derives from the Cuban Spanish word rumbo, which means “party”, or “spree”. Rumba is played in both triple-pulse and duple-pulse structures. The three conga parts are known as salidor, Segundo, and quinto (the lead drum). Rhythmically, rumba is based on the five-stroke guide pattern called clave and the inherent structure it conveys. There are three main forms of rumba: yambu, guaguanco, and Columbia. Yambu and guaguanco songs often begin with the soloist singing meaningless syllables called the diana. Rumba songs consist of two main sections. The first called the canto features the lead vocalist performing an extended text of verses that are sometimes partially improvised. The lead singer usually plays claves. The first section may last a few minutes until the lead vocalist signals for the other singers to repeat the short refrain of the chorus, in call andresponse. This second section of the song is sometimes referred to as the montuno.The conga is a tall, narrow, single-headed South American drum. It is staved like a barrel. The conga is the principal instrument in rumba. Congas are usually played in sets of two to four with the fingers and the palm of the hand. They may be played while seated or standing. Claves are a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of short, thick dowels. They are traditionally made of wood. In modern times, they are made of fiberglass or plastics. When struck together, they produce a bright clicking sound. Claves are sometimes hollow and carved in the middle to amplify the sound. Son CubanoSon cubano is a style of music and dance that originated in Cuba and gained worldwide popularity in the 1930s. It combines the structure and elements of Spanish cancion and the Spanish guitar with African rhythms and percussion instruments of Bantu origin. Son cubano’s derivatives and fusions, especially salsa, have spread across the world. The basic son ensemble includes guitar, tres, claves, bongos, marimbula or botija, and maracas.Clave (Rhythm)The clave rhythmic pattern is used as a tool for temporal organization in Afro-Cuban music. The five-stroke clave pattern represents the structural core of many Afro-Cuban rhythms. Afro-Cuban DrumsBongos are an Afro-Cuban percussion instrument consisting of a pair of small open bottomed drums of different sizes. They are membranophones. Bongo drums produce relatively high-pitched sounds compared with Conga drums. They should be held behind the knees with the larger drum on the right when right-handed.Bossa NovaBossa Nova is a genre of Brazilian music that was developed and popularized in the 1950s and 60s. The phrase bossa nova means “new trend”. Bossa nova is a lyrical fusion of samba and jazz.It is most commonly performed on the nylon-string classical guitar, played with the fingers rather than a pick. Though not as prominent as the guitar, piano is also another important part of bossa