MUSIC 0311 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. IndonesiaII. GamelanIII. Characteristics of Gamelan MusicIV. Gamelan degungV. Wayang KultOutline of Current Lecture I. ChinaII. QinIII. Chinese with LanguageIV. Qin TablatureV. Tin and the LiteratiVI. The Value and Function of MusicVII. Music and Confucianism (shi yin and chi yue)Current LectureChinaAs of 2010, there were 1.3 billion people in China. It is the most populated country in the world.There are 56 different ethnic groups in China. One particular ethnic group is called Han. 91.6% of the population is Han Chinese. Han Chinese people largely live on the right side of China.Qin (guqin)The qin is pronounced ‘chin’. Another name for the qin is guqin, which is pronounced ‘goo chin’. Guqin means ancient qin. The qin is one of the oldest instruments in Chinese culture, and in the world, that is still being used today. It dates back to at least 3,000 years ago. The qin is performed typically sitting down a table being plucked with one’s fingers. There are defined compositions in qin performance. One song name “Geese Descend on Level Sands” was written as much as 500 years ago. The qin is a very quiet instrument and most qin songs have poetic themes. Qin music is art music. There are writings about qin music from thousands of years ago.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The qin is a zither, which is a stringed instrument that’s strings are drawn across a board. When the qin first started being used, it was often used to accompany poetry or singing. Now, it is primarily a solo instrument. Each of the circles on the instrument represents a particular stopping point on the strings to create certain tones. Both hands are used on the qin—the right is hand used for plucking and the left hand to create the different tones. Every qin has a name. Another song performed on the qin named “Lament of Departure” has a poem recited with it.Chinese Written LanguageChinese written language has existed for thousands of years. It is said to have developed in the 2nd century B.C.E. It is one of the oldest writing systems that is still being used today. Because it is so old, it lets scholars refer to things from the past.Qin TablatureTablature is a particular form of notation that tells you exactly what to do to play a piece. If you can read this, you can play a piece. Qin music uses this. In qin tablature, there is little reference to tempo, dynamics and rhythm. Tempo, dynamics and rhythm are mainly up to the individual to interpret.Qin and the LiteratiThe literati was a certain class of Chinese society made up of government officials. For a period of time, qins were destroyed because of the association it had with the literati. The qin was regarded as a personal instrument and it was not meant to be used to show off, but for personalachievement. People had qins that couldn’t even play them because of what the qin represents.The Value and Function of MusicMusic is:- A means for expressing emotions- A vehicle for spiritual/religious contemplation- Part of event ceremonies- Part of other performing actsMusic and Confucianism (shi yin and chi yue)Confucianism developed in the spring and autumn period. It is a religion of optimistic humanismthat primarily deals with moral conduct and ethical living. Chinese society was a Confucian society for a long time. Within Confucian society, they believed that music could have both positive and negative effects. Shi yin is proper sound, or good music. This music is considered appropriate and soft. Chi yue is extravagant music. This music is considered inappropriate, loud,and noisy. Shi yin is an important educational tool for bettering oneself. They believed that one should not play the qin for money in front of a lot of people because it goes against the ethic of qin