MIC 205 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. MetabolismII. ReactionsIII. Aerobic RespirationOutline of Current Lecture IV. Aerobic respiration cont.Current LectureAerobic respiration1. Pyruvate oxidation2. Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle3. Electron Transport ChainProduces a lot of ATP-way more than other pathwaysPyruvate Oxidation2 step process-extracts energy to produce a molecule of NADH-emits CO2 -Left with Acetyl group that attaches to CoA (co-enzyme)Krebs CycleStarts with the Acetyl-CoA-takes energy from it and packs it into NADH -makes a lot of NADH (energy extraction)-CO2 released These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ETC Energy from previous steps is pumped into the ETC (NADH is a high energy electron carrier)-made up of membrane proteins (function as electron carrier proteins)-redox proteins -energy is converted into different type of energy (in electro-chemical gradient)-produced by oxidative phosphorylation --located in cell membrane of bacteria--located in mitochondria of eukaryotes1. Electrons from NADH go into the electron carriers2. These energized electrons go to a lower energy state and protons are pumped out of cell(creates electro-chemical gradient) (Hydrogen ions on outside and electrons inside)3. Electrons form water when combined with oxygen4. As protons come back into the cell through ATP synthase—ADP is converted into ATPi. ATP synthase only works if there is a gradient5. Oxidative phosphorylation—proton gradient created by oxidation of components of ETCTOTAL ATP PRODUCED = 38 molecules of ATPAerobic Respiration:Reactants- glucose and oxygenProducts- CO2 and water (plus ATP)WHEN OXYGEN IS NOT AVAILABLE…Anaerobic Respiration-Works without oxygen-If genetically programed to do so--uses alternative final electron acceptorsFermentation--not a respiration process-involves glycolysis-provide cells with alternate sources of NAD+ -partial oxidation of sugar to release energy using organic molecules as electron acceptors **main goal = regenerate NAD+ -two types: Lactic Acid & Alcoholic-Only produces 2 ATP molecules Big Picture of Metabolism Catabolic and anabolic relationships that allow for metabolism to help growth and reproduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Photosynthesis-every food chain starts with anabolic processes--ability to use CO2 and sunlight to do photosynthesis-Need sunlight (energy)-light capturing pigment molecules: (Chlorophylls-green and Carotenoids-orange)--COLLECT ENERGY-Create photosystems: collect light energy -photosystems and redox components create light-dependent electron transport chain-Light Independent Reactions-Use ATP and NADPH to make sugar from carbon dioxide and waterMicrobial Growth Patterns-Discrete colony: clumps of cells on a petri dish-Dispersed cells: single cells in liquid media (test tube)-Complex biofilm: community of 1+ species of
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