MIC 205 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Nonmotile ExtensionsII. Prokaryotic Cell WallsIII. Bacterial Cell Wallsa. Gram +/- Cell WallsIV. Cell Membrane FunctionV. Passive/Active TransportVI. CytoplasmVII. Prokaryotic Cell DivisionPlane of cell division determines whether you get diplo, tetrad, sarcina, etc. Whether or not the cells separate determines the arrangementVIII.Outline of Current Lecture IX. Endospores-Prokaryotes cont.X. Eukaryotic CellsCurrent Lecture Endospores- Species-specific - Only Bacillus and Clostridium species- Specialized dormancy structures (cells can handle drying out, heat, UV light radiation)- Defense strategy, can remain visually for thousands of years (ex: amber)- Produced inside the organism- Two types: Medial-in middle (Bacillus) and Terminal-lollipop, on the end (Clostridium)Eukaryotic Cells- Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells- Have a nucleus- Have membranes in the cytoplasm, organelles- Everything except bacteria and archaeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Eukaryotic External Structure- Extracellular matix (ECM)- Flagella- CiliaECM- Holds the cells together, established adherence for each other- Helps recognize each other from cell to cellFlagella- Locomotion- Composed of a bundle of microtubules (made of tubulin)- Do NOT have a hook or a basal body- Are inside the cell- Tubules slide back and forth, wave (undulate rhythmically)- Ex: sperm cells swimmingCilia- Structure is identical to flagella - Propel cells through environment, nutrient uptake (feeding)Eukaryotic Cell Walls- Comprised of polysaccharides that vary by cell typeso Plant cell walls = celluloseo Fungal cell walls = chitin, celluloseo Algal cell walls = cellulose, agar, carrageenan- Permeable to water and small metabolites (not large)- Provide rigid structureEukaryotic Cell Membranes- Contain cholesterol and other steroid-derived lipids (for maintenance of membrane fluidity)- Control transport of materials in and outo Passive/facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosiso Endocytosis-bring bulk stuff into the cello Exocytosis-getting rid of large stuff out of the cellCytoplasm of Eukaryotes- All non-nuclear intracellular components- Cytosol-liquid in cytoplasm- Non-nuclear intracellular componentso Organelles (STUDY ON OWN) o Non-membranous structureso Metabolites Proteins-chicken, fish, quinoa Carbs(sugar)- bread, pastaLipid-butter, whole milkNucleic acid- fish, seeds, egg cells, sperm
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