MIC 205 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Syllabus II. Brief History of MicrobiologyIII. Microbes, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Prokaryotes, VirusesOutline of Current Lecture I. Golden Age of MicroII. ExperimentsIII. Scientific MethodIV. FermentationV. Modern MicroCurrent LectureGolden Age- late 19th to early 20th cent.- Spontaneous Generation- Fermentation- DiseaseSpontaneous Generation- Aristotle said living things arise from nonliving matter-Redi preformed experiments on meat in flasks, sealed/ unsealed & maggots appeared Spallanzani’s Experiments- Italian scientist, broiled meat and veggie infusions in glass flasks--concluded spontaneous generation did NOT occurThe Scientific Method-- Observations- Hypothesis - Experiment- Accept, reject or modify hypothesisFermentation- linked with debate on spontaneous generation, popular at the time because winecould last longer and not spoil because of fermentation--Caused by air or living organisms??Louis Pasteur- performed experiment that concluded that yeast was responsible for fermenting grape juice into wine and bacteria contaminated it with acidic byproducts-- He developed “germ theory of disease”Robert Koch—developed 4 postulates of disease1. Suspected causing agent must be in every case and absent from healthy hosts2. Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host3. When the host is introduced to the agent it must get the disease4. The same agent must be reisolated from the experimental hostAdvances- simple staining techniques, use of petri dishes, bacteria is a distinct speciesModern Micro:- Biochemistry = basic chemical reactions of life- Microbial Genetics, Molecular Biology, Recombinant DNA Technology, Gene Therapy- Environmental Microbiology- Defenses against disease-serology, immunology, chemotherapy1. Small animals2. Fungi3. Protozoa4. Algae5. ProkaryotesFungi- eukaryotic with membrane bound nucleus, get food from other organisms, have cellwalls--Examples: Yeasts (unicellular, asexual budding & sexual spores), mold (multicellular, sexual & asexual spores)Protozoa- eukaryotic, single celled, similar to animal cell structure & nutrition needs, these typically live in water sometimes in animal hosts, mostly asexual (some sexual)--Locomotion: Psudopodia, cilia, flagellaPsudopodia: false feetCillia: hair-like projectionsFlagella: “tails” used for swimming (ex: sperm cells)Algae-unicellular and multicellular, photosyntheticProkaryotes-unicellular (no nuclei), smaller than eukaryotes, asexual--There are two types of prokaryotes:-Bacteria and ArchaeaViruses- noncellular, smaller than bacteria, often disease agents that require a
View Full Document
Unlocking...