MIC 205 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture II. Golden Age of MicroIII. ExperimentsIV. Scientific MethodV. FermentationOutline of Current Lecture VI. StainingVII. TaxonomyVIII. Cellsa. Prokaryotesb. External Structure of ProkaryotesCurrent LectureStaining: increases contrast and resolutionTypes of Stains-- Simple, Differential, Special-Gram stain: a type of differential staining used on bacteria (with 4 steps)1) Crystal violet (purple dye)2) Iodine (mordent)3) Alcohol (decolorize)4) Safranin (red dye)--This causes the gram-positive bacteria to be purple and the gram-negative is pinkTaxonomy: classification, naming and identification of organisms-Linnaeus created the hierarchical system based on shared characteristics-Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, speciesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.*Species are determined by whether or not they can successfully interbreed -Dichotomous key = paired “either/or” statements that apply to particular organismsCells: Prokaryotes- have NO nucleus, lack internal membrane bound structures and are typically bacteria or archaeaProkaryotic External Structures:- Glycocalyces: capsule and slime layer- Flagella- Fimbriae and PiliGlycocalyces: a gelatinous, sticky layer on the outside of the cell (made of polysaccharides-carbs, polypeptides-proteins or both)a) Capsules- organized repeating organic chemicals, firmly attached & protect cell from drying outb) Slime layer- water soluble organic compounds, loose attachments-sticky layer allows prokaryotes to attach & also protects cell from drying outFlagella: for movement, whip-like tail (filament, hook & basal body)-monotrichous = 1 flagella-lophotrichous = multiple flagella-amphitrichous = 1 flagella on each end-peritrichous = flagella cover entire cell- Function: run-straight line direction OR tumble-random
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