POLS 103 1st EditionFinal Exam Study GuideBrazil: Election Rousseff over Neves; Poor north over rich(er) SouthIncumbents usually winTaiwan/Hong Kong History/Formation; China’s view (internal matter); USA’s policyEconomic relations with ChinaEffect of Hong Kong protests in TaiwanChinese Constitution Differences between Chinese view of constitution and US viewGoal is to enforce party discipline and reduce corruptionLink between corruption and economic growthJihad Ideology Not all Islamic Fundamentalists believe the same thingHistory of Islamic Fundamentalist ideology; ISIS’ beliefs aren’t newTunisia Elections Secular party wins over Islamists; rare success of Arab SpringPutin’s Anti-Americanism/Anti-Westernism Does he mean it, or is this just a way to rally public support to him?“Rally ‘round the flag” effect- create nationalism for his people so they support him ResultsGovernance issuesVeto points; effect on efficient governance and changing governmentFraming; was it a Republican wave election, or bad Democratic candidates?Senate: What changed? Now Republican controlled Little effect b/c of cloture ruleHouse: What changed? Republicans increase margin; little effect (few minority rights)Ballot Initiatives: almost all went on the Democratic sideLocal Elections: Republican; gerrymandering worksGovernorships: RepublicanUnited Nations/Global Governance No global governmentCoordination: postal rules and air traffic controlIntergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): Formal or InformalFormal classification: general/specific vs. Global/RegionalUN: History, Purpose, Organization, Security Council, Peacekeepers, BudgetUN in Syria: why no action? There has been no formal declaration of warUN in Jerusalem/Israel/Palestine: why limited involvement? Veto power by states India/Pakistan: Sharif wants peace; Modi doesn’t (why?); UN involvement?China: why will the UN never act? China has veto powerGlobalization Mechanisms: IMF Official versus unofficial roleHistory: Bretton WoodsOfficial: loans, stabilize currency/economy, collateral (policy change: capitalism/globalization)Unofficial: report card, influences outside investment/moneyWashington Consensus; golden straight-jacket Arguments: violates sovereignty vs. good steward of moneyPoor state’s dilemmaBrazil/Russia: being rejected by global marketsAbenomics (Japan): to big for IMF, but reform still necessaryClimate Change/Environment Ecosystem; Carrying Capacity; Collective Action ProblemSovereignty and the Environment: States own their environmentGlobalization and the Environment: more movement; more plants/animals/diseases move around and cause disruptive effects; invasive speciesSolutions: High Technology (Creativity/Capitalism) vs. CooperationGlobal Warming: Kyoto Protocols, effect on economicsRich vs. Poor argument (about Global Warming, but all environmental issues)US Mid-terms/Obama’s Climate agreement with China: issues of governance, regulation,government action/inactionNew Republican Senate: effect on foreign policy: less effect on Iran, more on Syria/RussiaLame Duck session actionsMexico: Capacity and Autonomy (Comparative Politics)Definitions of Autonomy and Capacity; examples of high/low capacity and autonomy states; size of the problem effects ability of state to actPena/Mexico: corruption and violence reduce capacity and autonomyNew oil/gas changes may increase capacity/autonomyRussia: collapse of the RubleWhy? Effect on Putin’s capacity and autonomy(Sidebar on international law: Yukos lawsuits)Iran: update on nuclear deal (still a deadlock; no deal yet)Syria: update on civil war (still a stalemate; USA’s bombing hasn’t tipped the scales)Pacific Ocean (hegemony) Shift of global economics/politics to the Pacific as states riseUnderlying conflict between China and USA: whose rules are we converging towards? USA says that you own the waters and everything up to 20 miles out but own the oil and wha is under water up to 200 miles out. China says that you own everything up to 200 miles out.Creates controversy over the islands near China, because according to their rules, China owns the islands, but according to US rules, China does not.TTP- USA versus RCEP- ChinaExamples: freedom of the seas and resolving conflicts/disputes (nine-dash line); USA andChina use mix of hard/soft power to try to influence states towards their side.Immigration: USA issue Obama executive order: what changed? Children brought into the country cannot be deported, allows people who are not citizens to be able to rent houses and suchContext: immigrants in USA, congressional inaction, demographicsPolitical issues: Republican issues with demographics(Israel has a demographic issue with Jews/Arabs; taking initial steps to reduce democracy and keep Arabs out of politics)Hagel: Obama fires his Secretary of DefenseReflects Obama’s shifting priorities/politics, not Hagel’sPart of it is public relations: showing new policiesAfghanistan Failure of development efforts: same number in poverty as before warIran: final updateNo deal at deadline; talks extendedSpying/Cryptography Private companies are adding encryption to their data; this prevents NSA from following what the bad guys (and good guys) are doingDemocracy vs. secrecySnowden; previous history of NSA attempts at access to dataNSA promotes weaker encryption standards; pros and consNSA buys software/hardware weaknesses on open marketIntel: primary purposes and intel cycleArticle’s conclusion argues that NSA will have harder time doing intel (reducing uncertainty)Pirates: comparison of Somali vs. Nigerian pirate organizationsDifferent goals, different structures, different governmentsDifferent global response because the Nigerian pirate organizations are linked to their government and the Somali pirates are acting independently and easier to get rid