POLS 103 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 9-20Russia/Ukrainenot a war but clearly violent. Role of ethnic groups in Ukraine, northern Ukrainians wanted to join Russia, eastern Ukrainians want to be part of the European Union. Ukrainian Revolution-Should US favor Ukrain because it is democratic? Or Russia because US has space program stationed there.Sanctions-US put sanctions on Russia. Why can't Europe? Because Europe relies on oil and gas from RussiaPakistanWhy does the US care about problems in Pakistan? Because Pakistan has nuclear weaponsPakistan is struggling for democracy but the military involves itself in matters of the publicPakistan is primarily SunniThere is a difficult relationship with the US because of nuclear weaponsHong KongThe struggle for democracy in Hong Kong People are protesting China's attempts to govern Hong KongArgument for globalization-Capitalism brings democracyDetroit's Water commissionWater as a human right- Detroit taking away people's water is a human rights issueAlso an issue of creative destruction- Detroit is finding itself bankrupt because the world doesn'tsee Detroit as a major player anymore. Detroits skills have become obsolete. Japanese EconomyThe economy is in trouble-this is linked to globalization. The demand is not there for Japanese goods in the global market.Wage Stagflationwages are flat for most everyone for several years.Globalization issues-all economies are connectedglobal market-invisible hand of the market Inflation is happening but wages are not ScotlandHistory- part of the UK for 300+ years. Wanted to become independent because they felt they were being misrepresented in EU. Creates a sense of nationalismThe effects on Scotland if they became independent- they would have to create a new government, a new form of currency, a constitution. This brings into question the legitimacy of their new government. Banks in Scotland that are world banks, if Scotland became independent the country wouldn't have enough money to back the banks.Floating exchange rates-market decides the ratefixed exchange rates-government decides the exchange rates HegemonsGlobalization has made it harder for small states to have an impact in the policies of the world which are affecting them. Great power politics, rise and fall: unipolarity-one state has power in the world, bipolarity-two primary powers in the wold, multipolarity-many powers in the world.Offensive vs defensive realismRussia is not a great power although it appears so because in reality their economy is stagnantChina is a growing power- could become bipolarity in the world with China and the USChina's military budget is growing a lot faster than the US military budget but the US military is already 10 times the size of China's China is wary of the US because we have possession of all of the islands around the only sea port to China EbolaOutbreak located in West AfricaRealist say that a chance for response is likely because Ebola is a concrete and immediate threatLiberals say that there is a change for a response because it is a threat and all the states will work together to contain itBecause it is a high security threat there is a large chance for international response.The states where Ebola has occurred have illegitimate governments and poor health care which is why it is raging rampantly.Two Level Games: There has to be an international response as well as a domestic response to Ebola if we want to stop itGlobal WarmingEconomic costs-money to fix the problem, health costs due to particulate emission. Less arable landSecurity Threat: people have to move, conflict over land and water. Sea levels rising which will displace a lot of peopleRealists say that there will not be a response because not all states will cooperateLiberalists say that there will be a response because all states will cooperateThere are winners and losers Globalization liberal economics-capitalismcomparative advantage: markets determine which countries can produce which goods which allows for goods to be produced at a higher quantity and a lower cost. Creates Specialization-a country specializes in one good that they can produce wellTrade vs. Free Trade-States put tariffs on imports into their countriesPros and cons of globalization- the pros and cons are interchangeable. What are pros for one state can be cons for the other state. Examples in the Economist: Russia/Ukraine, Italy, Global Beer, Sony, AlibabaTerrorismDefinition, terrorism is a tactic/strategy not a goal. Like war, civil war, and revolution, the goal if terrorism is the same. The difficulty of a definition is because of the ambiguity of whether a group/person is referred to as a terrorist/ or freedom fighter. Al Qaeda- leader was Osama Binladen. After he was killed, it became a network because it was scattered around the worldISIS was a part of Al Qaeda Examples from the economist: Afghanistan/ Nigeria/ China/UighursEnvironmentTragedy of the Commons- resources may be owned by one person but costs are shared by everyone. They are multigenerational issues because they affect the future to come. The present issues always win out against future issuesExamples from Economist: Gold mines in Canada, China's diverted water, power generation in AfricaEuropean UnionIt is an economic union. Free-trade zone, political union of the states is harder than the economic union. Issues of democracy and poverty. Democracy in Hungary and poverty of the Balkan states that want to join the EU. Democracy/Electoral SystemsLegitimacy- whether people in a state regard their governments policies and laws as legitimate or not. Compliance- there is a form of coercion and reward that all governments use with their people to get them to agree with their policies. Parliamentary system vs. presidential system. Parliamentary system has a prime minister, higher voter turnout, larger number of political parties, checks and balances. Presidential system, president doesn't have as much power as a prime minister. Variations of parliamentary systems, some have districts (Sweden) no districts (UK) combination of the two (Germany) Examples from the economist- Libya, India, Brazil, and Elections in the USGlobalization examplesFrance vs. Argentina. France prime minister was anti-globalization and now he is turning to pro-globalization in an attempt to fix the economy Argentina economist minister was pro-globalization and the president of Argentina has fired him and hired someone