History 127CGetty2012 FallWeek 10Lecture 17December 4Announcements- Required Reading: History of the Soviet Union (Kenez, Ch. 9) - Required Reading: Lewin (all) - Final exam will only cover material since the material- Final exam questions will be given via email next Thursday evening (12-6-12)- Final exam essay will be due the following Tuesday, December 11th - Do readings if you haven’t; very imperative for final exam essayOutline of Last Lecture I. De-StalinizationII. Politburo DebatesIII. 20th Party CongressIV. Results of Secret SpeechV. Politburo BacklashVI. “Anti-Party Group” punishedVII. High Tide of Khrushchev, 1956-1962VIII. The Khrushchev coalitionIX. One-Man showX. Negative ReactionsXI. Military Cutbacks, 1960 onXII. Party Reforms, 1962XIII. Party Secretaries AngryXIV. The Catalyst, 1963XV. Fall of KhrushchevXVI. Reasons for Khrushchev’s fallXVII. Khrushchev retiredXVIII. Leonid Brezhnev (1964-82)XIX. Brezhnev and the bureaucracyXX. Brezhnev’s non-reformXXI. Structural ProblemsXXII.Dissident MovementOutline of Today’s Lecture I. The Brezhnev YearsII. Brezhnev Balance SheetIII. Brezhnev the gunslingerIV. EmbarrassmentsV. End of Brezhnev, 1982VI. Yuri Andropov (1982-84)VII. Konstantin Cherneko (1984-85)VIII. Conservatives and Reformers IX. 1985: Stagnation consensus X. Mikhail Gorbachev, 1985XI. Gorbachev’s PlanXII. Gorbachev’s Foreign PolicyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XIII. Perestroika, a neo-NEPThe Brezhnev Years- In addition to the dissident movements, Brezhnev faced a number of Cold War crisis - 1956 – reform communist movement in Hungary rose and overthrew the Stalinist leadership - Brezhnev factions insisted on invading Hungary while Khrushchev was in power- 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis - 1968 – reform coalition overthrew the old, Soviet faction- 1979 – decided to invade Afghanistan; couldn’t get out- 1979 – anti Soviet reformists in Poland; the solidarity movement challenged Soviet domination of Poland; anti-Soviet movement starts, embarrassing because the Soviets always branded themselves as proletariat, a working class governmentBrezhnev Balance Sheet- Rising standard of living- Less freedom; 3 strikes  repression of civil rights- Some advancementsA. Space exploration; continuously operating space station B. Siberian industry C. Educational Growth - But Big problemsA. Aging conservatives; don’t a change a thing kind of leadership i. Less connected with what is going onB. Poor quality outputC. Foreign Policy FailuresBrezhnev the gunslinger….- American TV icon- Humped an American cowboy on national television - Brezhnev was becoming an embarrassmentEmbarrassments- Galina BrezhnevaA. Boris the Gypsy, circus performer B. Husband MVD (the state police) was arrestedC. Jewel scamsD. Becomes a drunkEnd of Brezhnev, 1982- Complications in burying him- Relief when he died because he became an embarrassment Yuri Andropov (1982-84)- Replaces Brezhnev- KGB Background, head of the KGB A. Appealed to conservatives in the leadership- Educated, culturedA. Appealed to reformers, liberals; appealed with both groups simultaneously (liberals and conservatives)B. Largest collection of jazz records; foreign, American, trendy- Moved vs. corruption inefficiency- Arrested crooks, fired officials- Began to decentralize economic decision making just like Khrushchev- Eventually got weak and oldA. Was on dialysisB. Kidney diseaseC. Terminally ill when came in powerD. In power for less than two yearsE. The Politburo deliberately chose terminally ill leadersKonstantin Cherneko (1984-85)- Comes into power- Brezhnev style reeturns- Brezhnev’s assistant- Anti-reform- Terminally illA. Systems ruins itself?B. Holding action?- Theory #1 – politburo purposely chose terminally ill leadersA. First a liberal, reformerB. Then a conservativeC. The two factions (conservatives and reformers) were very evenly balancedD. They agreed not to pick guys that would run things for a long time E. Access to their medical records- Theory #2 - politburo intentionally chose sick leaders because they had already picked the next guy but hedidn’t have much experience; chose terminally ill leaders to buy more time for the other guy to gain experience and education - Ugliest Soviet leader everConservatives and reformers- ConservativesA. Important faction in the leadershipB. Planned socialismC. CentralizationD. State power, orderE. Disciple, not dissentF. Police, military guy, hard-cord bureaucratsG. Patriotic, xenophobic; they don’t like the outside world; StalinistsH. “Stalinist”I. Oldest party leadersJ. KBG, militaryK. Stalin (to 1953)- ReformersA. Starts with Bukharin and NEPB. LiberalsC. Experimented with Mixed marketD. Decentralization of decision makingE. Individual Freedom; more concerned with human rightsF. Civil, human rightsG. Cosmopolitan; liked to travel, want to know what’s going on outsideH. Repeat Bukharin’s ideas – “Bukharinist”I. Young party leadersJ. Artists, writers, teachers, more culturalK. Scientific, intelligentsiaL. Urban, educated; began to call these reformers members of the “Soviet Middle Class”i. Not bound by Stalin and Brezhnev’s stagnant waysii. Good incomeM. Outside world Is not uniformly evil and uselessN. Change in society  reformersO. Khrushchev (1953-64) takes overi. Brezhnev (1964-82) undid all of Khrushchev’s work; pendulum switching back from reformers to conservativesii. Andropov (1982-1984)iii. Chemenko (1984-85)- Thinking in the political elite and educated people in general  corruption1985: Stagnation consensus - SocialA. Corruption, bribery; crack down and you can fix these thingsB. Drugs, juvenile delinquency, youth, apathy; this was a far more concerning issue  clear that the next generation is not with the program  apolitical  may not never be another generation of Soviet leadersC. The youth listened to unapproved poetry; i.e. Vladimir D. AlcoholismE. Questioning the past- Vladimir Vysotskii “Fires”A. “ The Fires over the country they were growing higher, hotter, merrier, their reflections were dancing stomps twice, clap three times, but then the destiny and the time re-mounted their horses and then galloped ahead, towards bullets aimed at their foreheads. And the work shivered because of this gallop”B. Angry sounding music that scared the establishment-