History 127CGetty2012 FallWeek 3Lecture 7October 18Announcements- Midterm exam is on Thursday, October 25- Required reading: Kenez’s History of the Soviet Union Chapter 3Outline of Last Lecture I. SocialismII. Lenin and Trotsky: “permanent revolution”III. Red and Whites: The Civil WarIV. Why the Reds WonV. Civil War Legacies: BolsheviksVI. Policy Changes Outline of Today’s Lecture I. The Party: After the RevolutionII. The Party: OrganizationIII. Lenin was the PartyIV. Trotsky on the PartyV. Stalin on the PartyToday’s LectureThe Party: After the Revolution - Before 1917, the communist party was Lenin’s model- After the revolution everyone wants to join the party because they were the winning side, careerism, and conviction  tremendous growth- ProblemsA. Its traditions were small underground secret committees in vague communication with each otherB. Have to coordinate 11time zones- A million members after the Civil War- No coordination, no chain of commandThe Party: Organization - Previously, there was only Lenin and the Central Committee- Politburo: Big strategic decisionsA. Decide foreign policyB. Decide military policyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. Everyone wanted to be in the politburoD. Highly educated on Marxism - Oroburo: Organize the details of implementing what the politburo decidesA. Almost as much power as the politburo- Secretariat: Made suggestions on personnel assignment A. A network of party secretariesB. In party headquarters everyday from 9-5pm; always in the officeC. Handling the mail and correspondences, forwarded phone calls, scheduled appointmentsD. Tracking party’s membersE. Nobody wanted to be in the secretariatF. 1932: Stalin (Lenin’s protégé) appointed General Secretary (head of the Secretariat)- Stalin was a member of all three committees (the Politburo, the Oroburo, the Secretariat) Lenin Was The Party- Invented Bolshevism - …but he was mortal - Between 1921 and 1924, Lenin suffered a succession of strokes- Lenin was kept isolated until he recoveredA. This was also a way to keep him out of politics- 1924 Lenin dies from a strokeA. The politburo issues a statement that there will be collective rule by committee; there will not be a new LeninTrotsky On the Party- Issues a series of declarations that the party has become a bureaucratic regime of party secretaries / faceless network of bureaucratsA. Indirect insult to Stalin because it was his job to coordinate the regime of secretaries nationwide - No more party democracyA. No more democratic centralism, just centralism- Freedom of criticism- Bring in studentsA. Revitalize the party with the youth- “We Demand”- Old Bolsheviks degenerated - Incredibly smart  master of fact, philosophy, history- 1924: Trotsky fired from ArmyA. Trotsky is an ambitious maniac, Stalin isn’tB. Even if Trotsky is right and he is smarter, he may split the party and he is the high-risk choice- 1927: Exiled- 1929: Kicked out of Kazakhstan  Deported from the Soviet Union and spent the next eleven years in exile in Turkey, France, Norway, Mexico- 1940: Assassinated by a Stalinist agent- Why?A. Personalities played a huge role - Trotsky had an offensive personality, Stalin did notB. Stalin’s patronage poweri. Uses his position as party secretary for his advantage; provided jobs for favorsC. Fear of a split – worst nightmareD. General fear of disorder – no one wants to risk anythingi. Legacy of civil war and wartime paranoiaE. Fear of BonapartisF. He was a Jew in the most Anti-Semitic country Stalin on the party- Need organization to avoid further chaos- Democracy is relative; it is not the same everywhere - Stalin appeals to this wartime paranoia; Bolsheviks still feel beseeched - Order and hierarchy are more essential than democracy- Factions are dangerous and do not follow party discipline- Don’t bring in students, bring in workers - “Who’s this We?”A. Trotsky is organizing a personal faction - “You’re not one…”A. Trotsky is not a true Bolshevik; he didn’t become a Bolshevik until the middle of 1917. He was previously a Menshevik- Why these criticisms?A. Trotsky’s ambitionsB. Split the partyi. Trotsky’s language is bound to split the party; i.e. “We…”C.