History 127CGetty2012 FallWeek 2Lecture 5October 11Announcements- Midterm exam is on Thursday, October 25- Required reading: Kenez’s History of the Soviet Union Chapter 2Outline of Last Lecture I. The Russian RevolutionII. The Schlieffen plan: Germany’s plan for a quick warIII. Early Russian DefeatsIV. Labor and the WarV. Rising AngerVI. February 1917VII. February in PetrogradVIII. February 27: Dual PowerIX. End of a Dynasty X. Lenin ReturnsXI. Social DemandsOutline of Today’s Lecture I. Bread! Peace! Land! The Social RevolutionII. July DaysIII. August IV. The Kornilov AffairV. Party Strength in 1917VI. SeptemberVII. The October RevolutionVIII. Storming the Winter PalaceIX. Constituent Assembly November 1917X. Why the Bolsheviks won in 1917XI. Not Why the Bolsheviks WonToday’s LectureBread! Peace! Land! The Social Revolution- Peasants’ demandsA. Land without compensation- Two types of land reformThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Land reform with compensation – the state buys it and leases it to peasants – landowners are compensated for their lossesB. Confiscation - Soldiers’ DemandsA. Peace!B. They don’t want to die- Workers’ DemandsA. 8hour work dayB. Higher wagesC. Price controlsD. Workers’ ManagementJuly Days- After April, society became much more radicalized- The provisional governments runs the risk of the same fate of the tsar- Tremendous crisis in the capital (July Days)- The provisional gov’t ordered an offensive against the Germans because they wanted to make their allies (the French) happy by attacking the Germans A. Extremely unpopular in the front and in PetrogradB. The provisional gov’t also thought that an offensive would restore the morale in the army especially if it was a little successful.C. Instead soldiers and sailors in the front and at home erupted with demonstrationsD. Rumor that Lenin was a German spy because he came to Russia on a German train  Lenin was afraid that if there was an armed demonstration, he would be accused of organizing it in the interests of the GermansE. The provisional gov’t brought in loyal troops and fired on the crowds  demonstrations were dispersed F. Kerensky, the head of the provisional government, used the occasion to blame Lenin for the demonstrations and accused him of using the demonstrations to overthrow the provisional gov’  Kerensky outlawed the Bolshevik party  Lenin went into hiding- Bolshevik Central Committee = Caution- ResultsA. Armed demonstrations put down by P.G.August - The Political PlayersA. Alexander Kerenskyi. Head of the Provisional Gov’tii. Neutralizes Leniniii. Moderate socialistiv. Held a non-elected position v. Egomaniac  He acted like a prime minister even though no one had ever elected him into anything vi. Hated by the Left and the Rightvii. No obvious base of social supportB. Petrograd Sovieti. Nominated by the Moderate Socialistsii. Supports Kerenskyiii. Love hate relationship with the Provisional Gov’tiv. Both the Provisional Gov’t and the Petrograd Soviet were moderatesC. Bolsheviksi. Still major players ii. Radical socialistsiii. Most of them are dedicated to the overthrow of the Provisional Gov’tiv. Have considerable support from workers and soldiers in the capital; more support than Kerenskyv. Outlawed, illegalD. Soldiers, sailors, workersi. Unknown quantities ii. The democracyE. The Righti. Gen. Kornilovii. Supports the revolution- The IssuesA. PricesB. The WarC. Peasants want land redistributionD. The liberals and conservatives want law and control. i. They are tired of demonstrations- The ManeuverA. Kerensky + KornilovThe Kornilov Affair- Kerensky was caught in the middle between the liberals and conservatives- Secretly got in contact with General Kornilov (The Right) and asked him to move troops in the direction of the capital  Kornilov accepted his invitation, marches in Petrograd but realizes that he might be contributing towards his own death and demise- Kornilov marches on PetrogradA. The revolution in danger- If Kornilov makes it to the capital  military dictator- Kerensky approaches BolsheviksA. LegalizeB. Defend the revolutionC. Kerensky told the Bolsheviks that the revolution was in danger and that Gen. Kornilov was on his way with his troopsD. Kerensy negotiated with the Bolsheviks and agreed to legalize the political party if they mobilized to defend the revolutionE. Bolshevik train workers switched signs, etc and purposely misguided Gen. Kornilov and his troops to N. Russia (everywhere except Petrograd)- Formation of Red Guards (militia); armed workers and soldiers  defend the city againstKornilov - Kornilov defeatedA. Bolshevik RR men- ResultsA. Red Guards armed even though Kerensky asked them to give him their gunsB. Bolsheviks free and now were heroes Party Strength in 1917- Elections give us a good idea of what was going between and among the political parties throughout 1917- JuneA. Bolsheviks – 16%B. SR – 45%C. Mensheviks (moderates) – 30%D. The largest party was the agrarian, socialist party (SRs) - August A. Bolsheviks – 35%i. Heroes of the Kornilov AffairB. SR – 39%C. Mensheviks (Moderate socialists /moderate Marxists) – 4%i. Tainted with having cooperated with the provisional government and for their cowardly leadership in the SovietsD. Kadet (liberals) – 27%- OctoberA. Bolsheviks – 44%B. SR – 28%i. Slowly losing strength because, like the Mensheviks, they were blamed for not pushing the radical agenda in societyC. Mensheviks – 12%D. Other – 16%E. The social revolution (composed of the soldiers, workers and sailors) is carrying out its own revolution regardless of political parties, much more radicalF. Two types of revolutions occurring: the political contest in the capital and the social revolution- NovemberA. National Election unlike the others– which means that the peasants get to voteB. Bolsheviks - 25% - why?i. Strong in capitalii. Strong in organized, industrial areasiii. Strong amongst soldiersiv. Most of the country is rural (peasants) so the Bolsheviks do not receive the majority of the votesC. KadetD. ConservativesE. SR – almost 60% i. Peasants are only familiar with the SRs (regarded as the peasant party) which gives them an advantageF. Other Socialists G. Bolsheviks vs SRsi. Bolsheviks win in the cities, SRs win elsewhereSeptember- For the first