History 127C Week 0 Lecture 1Introduction to RussiaHistory 127C –Modern Russia in the 20th century, Soviet Union, the PresentProfessor GettyCourse websiteSyllabusEmail listedGrade MakeupOne Midterm – 25%One Final – 75%The Last TsarNicholas II – not impressiveHe liked to dress up in uniforms and ride horsesUnaware of the internal and external changes that were affecting RussiaIneffective rulerMarxist IdeologyRussia was a Marxist state – some disputes on whether this was trueMarxism and how it is changed, adapted, mutated, etc is a large part to the beginning of the revFebruary 1917 RevolutionOverthrow of the tsarProvisional GovernmentLeninInstrumental in the 1917 revolutionImpressive Russian figureOctober 1917 Bolshevik RevolutionBrings the Bolsheviks to powerCivil WarMassacres, famines, hungerLenin  StalinStalin’s rise to power  very significantStalin the LeaderStalin ruled with an iron hand (killed, purged, etc)Violence is a legitimate way of solving political problems (secret police, repression of civil rights, etc)Transformed Russia from a backward country to a modern oneUnprecedented economic progressCult of Stalin Airplanes, factories, etc under Stalin’s ruleNewspapers portrayed Stalin as god-like“Taking Grain” 1930sConfiscated private farmsCollectivization of AgricultureResulted in the largest famine in human historySocialist agricultureStalinist enthusiasmMillions remembered this period with positive feelingsIn the middle of all this violence, there was an expansion of the job market, upward mobility and increased education opportunitiesIt was also the time when the country became a superpowerPurges, terror and enthusiasmThe GULAG campsStalinist “un-persons”Stalin also controlled historyThe difference between what actually happened and how this was constructed or explainedWorld War II: Nazis vs. Soviets27million Russians diedThe Russians died more men in the Battle of Stalingrad than the US lost from 1941-45German Occupation of USSRHitler hated Jews and imagined that communism was a Jewish conspiracyBattle of Stalingrad Nov. 1942Germans had penetrated to StalingradSoviet victory over Germany 1945Stalin is Dead!March 5, 1953No one knows what would happen nextKhrushchevDifferent than StalinWas not reclusive like StalinWent to Hollywood and chatted with starletsBrezhnevFaceless bureaucratsKhrushchev’s successorBy the end of his tenure, he became senileGorbachevComes to power in the late 1980sMarket forces, mixed economies with capitalism, free speech, free pressSoviet Union collapsed in the beginning of the 1990sEnd of the USSRYeltsinGorbachev presides YeltsinMoney is no longer worth anythingBecomes an embarrassmentSlurred speech on televisionKGB says that they have a guy who can succeed Yeltsin (Putin)PutinLikely to stay in office until he dies like the other former leadersConstitution says that they cannot serve longer than two yearsTandem presidencyRags to Riches Story (USSR) – Soviet Model Inspires:AlgeriaChinaVietnamHow do revolutions go bad?Office HoursTuesdays and Thursdays from 1-2pmEmail if attending office hoursIf you do not send an email, the professor may or may not be in his office ← History 127C Week 0 Lecture 1←← Introduction to Russia←← History 127C –Modern Russia in the 20th century, Soviet Union, the Present←← Professor Getty←← Course website- Syllabus- Email listed ←← Grade Makeup - One Midterm – 25%- One Final – 75%←← The Last Tsar- Nicholas II – not impressive- He liked to dress up in uniforms and ride horses- Unaware of the internal and external changes that were affecting Russia- Ineffective rulerMarxist Ideology- Russia was a Marxist state – some disputes on whether this was true - Marxism and how it is changed, adapted, mutated, etc is a large part to thebeginning of the revFebruary 1917 Revolution- Overthrow of the tsar- Provisional Government←← Lenin- Instrumental in the 1917 revolution - Impressive Russian figure←← October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution- Brings the Bolsheviks to power Civil War- Massacres, famines, hunger←← Lenin  Stalin- Stalin’s rise to power  very significant Stalin the Leader- Stalin ruled with an iron hand (killed, purged, etc)- Violence is a legitimate way of solving political problems (secret police, repression of civil rights, etc)- Transformed Russia from a backward country to a modern oneo Unprecedented economic progress ←← Cult of Stalin - Airplanes, factories, etc under Stalin’s rule- Newspapers portrayed Stalin as god-like←← “Taking Grain” 1930s- Confiscated private farms - Collectivization of Agriculture - Resulted in the largest famine in human history - Socialist agriculture ←← Stalinist enthusiasm- Millions remembered this period with positive feelings- In the middle of all this violence, there was an expansion of the job market, upward mobility and increased education opportunities- It was also the time when the country became a superpower- Purges, terror and enthusiasm ←← The GULAG camps←← Stalinist “un-persons”- Stalin also controlled historyo The difference between what actually happened and how this was constructed or explained←← World War II: Nazis vs. Soviets- 27million Russians died- The Russians died more men in the Battle of Stalingrad than the US lost from 1941-45German Occupation of USSR - Hitler hated Jews and imagined that communism was a Jewish conspiracy←← Battle of Stalingrad Nov. 1942- Germans had penetrated to Stalingrad ←← Soviet victory over Germany 1945←← Stalin is Dead!- March 5, 1953- No one knows what would happen next ←← Khrushchev- Different than Stalin - Was not reclusive like Stalin- Went to Hollywood and chatted with starletsBrezhnev- Faceless bureaucrats- Khrushchev’s successor- By the end of his tenure, he became senile ←← Gorbachev- Comes to power in the late 1980s- Market forces, mixed economies with capitalism, free speech, free press - Soviet Union collapsed in the beginning of the 1990s←← End of the USSR←← Yeltsin- Gorbachev presides Yeltsin - Money is no longer worth anything- Becomes an embarrassment- Slurred speech on television- KGB