Chapter: Chapter 05: Long-Term MemoryMultiple Choice1. According to one popular categorization system, three subdivisions of long-term memory are:a) iconic, episodic, and conceptual memory. b) working, episodic, and abstract memory. c) iconic, semantic, and conceptual memory. d) episodic, semantic, and procedural memory. Ans: dFeedback: See page 1272. The term episodic memory refers to:a) memories for personally experienced events. b) working memory for physical actions. c) knowledge about words and other factual information. d) implicit memory for word patterns. Ans: aFeedback: See page 1273. What subtype of long-term memory is associated with remembering personal experiences?a) episodic memoryb) implicit memoryc) prospective memoryd) semantic memoryAns: aFeedback: See page 1274. What subtype of long-term memory is associated with remembering facts?a) episodic memoryb) implicit memoryc) prospective memoryd) semantic memoryAns: dFeedback: See page 1275. What subtype of long-term memory is associated with remembering skills?a) episodic memoryb) implicit memoryc) prospective memoryd) semantic memoryAns: bFeedback: See page 1276. In contrast to shallow (structural) processing, deep (semantic) processing of information produces:a) more effects of interference on memory processes. b) rapid forgetting as a result of the lack of distinctive processing. c) better memory for the information. d) semantic confusion similar to that experienced by amnesic patients. Ans: cFeedback: See page 1297. Deeper processing of material to be remembered encourages recall because ofa) distinctness.b) elaboration.c) superficiality.d) Both A and B.Ans: dFeedback: See page 129 – 1308. Research on levels of processing reveals that deep processing levels enhance recall as a result of two main factors:a) distinctiveness and elaboration. b) distinctiveness and bizarreness. c) elaboration and interference. d) bizarreness and interference. Ans: aFeedback: See page 1299. Long-term memory for information is usually extremely good if a person had encoded the informationin terms of:a) rhyming schemes. b) negative emotions. c) self-reference. d) physical features. Ans: cFeedback: See page 13110. When subjects use the self-reference technique for material they need to learn, they remember __________ when they use a different technique.a) significantly more thanb) about the same asc) significantly less thand) slightly less thanAns: aFeedback: See page 13111. What can we conclude about the self-reference effect?a) Relating information to yourself is a very effective way of remembering it. b) It is more effective to process information in terms of its semantic category than in terms of yourself. c) The effect is only evident if a person is also in a congruent context at the time of retrieval. d) Some research supports the effect, but meta-analyses reveal that the effect is very small. Ans: aFeedback: See page 13112. According to the encoding specificity principle:a) recall usually depends on implicit memory concerning details such as spellings of words. b) recall is better if the context during retrieval is similar to the context during encoding. c) unpleasant material is better remembered than pleasant material because it is more emotional. d) it is better to encode material during learning than to decode material during recall. Ans: bFeedback: See page 13313. The proposal that successful recall is influenced by the match between the context in which information is encoded and the context in which it is retrieved is called the:a) retrograde amnesia effect. b) encoding specificity principle. c) organizational hypothesis. d) interference theory of forgetting. Ans: bFeedback: See page 13314. Research using bilingual participants who heard stories in one or another language (e.g., English or Spanish) and answered questions about the stories in one or another language:a) provide evidence against the levels-of-processing approach. b) provide support for the levels-of-processing approach. c) provide evidence against the encoding specificity principle. d) provide support for the encoding specificity principle. Ans: dFeedback: See pages 133 - 13415. Research on whether or not emotional stimuli affect memory reveals that:a) people typically remember pleasant stimuli more accurately than other stimuli. b) people typically remember unpleasant stimuli more accurately than other stimuli. c) people typically remember neutral stimuli more accurately than pleasant or unpleasant stimuli. d) people’s accuracy does not depend on whether stimuli are pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant. Ans: aFeedback: See page 13716. Research on emotions and memory suggests that ___________ stimuli are better-remembered and slower to fade than other types of stimuli.a) unpleasantb) pleasantc) shockingd) neutralAns: bFeedback: See pages 138 - 13917. A reliable finding concerning the effect of mood on long term memory is that:a) people recall material better when the material is congruent with a person's current mood. b) depressed people remember both positive and negative events better than do nondepressed people. c) nondepressed people remember negative events better than they remember positive events. d) unpleasant memories are forgotten much less quickly than are pleasant memories. Ans: aFeedback: See page 14018. The distinction between explicit memory tasks and implicit memory tasks involves whether or not people:a) know about the finding that mnemonics provide an effective way to improve memory for facts. b) have received training in an approved Metacognitive Awareness Course or Memory Training Program. c) have received some contextual cues that facilitate their memory retrieval. d) are aware that memory is being tested and intentionally try to recall or recognize previously presentedinformation. Ans: dFeedback: See pages 143 - 14419. People with an anxiety disorder are _____________ people without such a disorder to remember threatening, anxiety-arousing words.a) significantly less likely thanb) slightly less likely thanc) equally likely asd) more likely thanAns: dFeedback: See page 14520. Loss of memory for events that a person experienced prior to some traumatic injury to the brain is called:a) proactive interference. b) retroactive interference. c) retrograde amnesia. d) anterograde amnesia. Ans: cFeedback: See page 14621. A person (such as H.M.) who receives damage to the hippocampus and suffers from anterograde amnesia will show considerable