NTDT200 Terms from Chapter 1 Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges AMDR Ranges of intakes for the energy a nutrient that provides adequate energy and nutrients and reduce the risk of chronic diseases Adequate Intake AI The average daily amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient to maintain a specified criterion a value used as a guide for nutrient intake when an RDA cannot be determined Anecdote Personal account of an experience or event not reliable scientific information Anthropometric Relating to measurement of the physical characteristics of the body such as height and weight Blind experiment An experiment in which the subjects do not know whether they are members of the experimental group or the control group Calories Units by which energy is measured Food energy is measured in kilocalories 1000 calories equal 1 kilocalorie abbreviated kcalories or kcal One kcalorie is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram kg of water 1 C The scientific use of the term kcalorie is the same as the popular use of the term calorie Chronic diseases Diseases characterized by a slow progression and long duration 1 Examples include heart disease cancer and diabetes Control group A group of individuals similar in all possible respects to the experimental group except for the treatment Ideally the control group receives a placebo while the experimental group receives a real treatment Correlation The simultaneous increase decrease or change in two variables If A increases as B increases or if A decreases as B decreases the correlation is positive This does not mean that A causes B or vice versa If A increases as B decreases or if A decreases as B increases the correlation is negative This does not mean that A prevents B or vice versa Some third factor may account for both A and B Deficient The amount of a nutrient below which almost all healthy people can be expected over time to experience deficiency symptoms Diet The foods and beverages a person eats and drinks Dietary Reference Intakes DRI A set of nutrient intake values for healthy people in the United States and Canada These values are used for planning and assessing diets and include Estimated Average Requirements EAR Recommended Dietary Allowances RDA Adequate Intakes AI and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels UL Dietetic technician A person who has completed a minimum of an associate s degree from an accredited university or college and an approved dietetic technician program that includes a supervised practice 2 experience See also dietetic technician registered DTR Dietetic technician registered DTR A dietetic technician who has passed a national examination and maintains registration through continuing professional education Dietitian A person trained in nutrition food science and diet planning See also registered dietitian Double blind experiment An experiment in which neither of the subjects nor the researchers know which subjects are members of the experimental group and which are serving as control subjects until after the experiment is over DTR See dietetic technician registered Energy The capacity to do work The energy in food is chemical energy The body can convert this chemical energy to mechanical electrical or heat energy Energy density A measure of the energy a food provides relative to the amount of food kcalories per gram Energy yielding nutrients The nutrients that break down to yield energy the body can use carbohydrate fat and protein Essential nutrients Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet 3 physiological needs also called indispensable nutrients About 40 nutrients are currently known to be essential for human beings Estimated Average Requirement EAR The average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and gender group Estimated Energy Requirement EER The average dietary energy intake that maintains energy balance and good health in a person of a given age gender weight height and level of physical activity Experimental group A group of individuals similar in all possible respects to the control group except for the treatment The experimental group receives the real treatment Foods Products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of life and the growth and repair of tissues Healthy People A national public health initiative under the jurisdiction of the U S Department of Health and Human Services DHHS that identifies the most significant preventable threats to health and focuses efforts toward eliminating them Hypothesis An unproven statement that tentatively explains the relationships between two or more variables 4 Inorganic Not containing carbon or pertaining to living things Malnutrition Any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients Minerals Inorganic elements Some minerals are essential nutrients required in small amounts by the body for health Misinformation False or misleading information Nutrients Chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy structural materials and regulating agents to support growth maintenance and repair of the body s tissues Nutrients may also reduce the risks of some diseases Nutrition The science of foods and the nutrients and other substances they contain and of their actions within the body including ingestion digestion absorption transport metabolism and excretion A broader definition includes the social economic cultural and psychological implications of food and eating Nutrition assessment A comprehensive analysis of a person s nutrition status that uses health socioeconomic drug and diet histories anthropometric measurements physical examinations and laboratory tests Nutritionist a person who specializes in the study of nutrition Note that this definition does not specify qualifications and may apply not only 5 to registered dietitians but also to self described experts whose training is questionable Most states have licensing laws that define the scope of practice for those calling themselves nutritionists Organic In chemistry a substance or molecule containing carbon carbon bonds or carbon hydrogen bonds This definition excludes coal diamonds and a few carbon containing compounds that contain only a single carbon
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