HD 101 1nd Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. Erikson’s Theory of Initiative vs. GuiltII. Self-ConceptIII. Self-EsteemIV. Emotional UnderstandingV. Emotional Self-RegulationVI. Self-Conscious EmotionsVII. Individual Differences in EmpathyVIII. Peer Sociability in PlayIX. Cognitive play CategoriesX. Early Childhood Friendships Outline of Current Lecture II. Physical Development in Early ChildhoodIII. Influences on Physical Growth and HealthIV. Eating in Early ChildhoodV. Factors Related to Childhood InjuriesVI. Motor Skills Development in Early ChildhoodVII. Progression of Drawing SkillsVIII. Piaget’s Preoperational StageIX. Limitations of Preoperational ThoughtX. EgocentrismXI. Animistic ThinkingCurrent Lecture- Physical Development in Early Childhood:o Body growth slows. Shape becomes more streamlined.o Skeletal growth continues. New growth centers. Lose baby teeth.o Brain growth increases. Hemispheres begins to lateralize. Handedness develops.- Influences on Physical Growth and Health:o Heredity.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Nutrition.o Infectious diseases. Malnutrition. Immunization.o Childhood injuries.- Eating in Early Childhood:o Appetite decreases.o Wariness of new foods.o Needs high-quality diet.o Imitates others’ food choice.- Factors Related to Childhood Injuries:o Gender and temperament.o Poverty, single parenthood, low parental education.o Societal conditions. International differences. Births to teenagers not ready for parenthood. Shortage of quality child care.- Motor Skills Development in Early Childhood:o Gross-motor skills. Balance improves. Gain smooth and rhythmic by age 2. Upper and lower body skills combine into more refined actions by age 5. Greater spend and endurance.o Fine-motor skills. Self-help; dressing, eating. Drawing and painting.- Progression of Drawing Skills:o Scribbles – during age 2.o First representation forms. Pictures represent recognizable objects around age 3. Draw boundaries and people around 3-4 years.o More realistic drawings – preschool to school age.o Early printing – 3-5 years old.- Piaget’s Preoperational Stage:o Ages 2-7.o Gains in mental representation. Make-believe play. Symbol – real-world relations.o Limitation in thinking. Egocentrism, how they see the world is how it is. Conservation. Hierarchical classification.- Limitations of Preoperational Thought:o Cannot perform mental operations.o Egocentrism and animistic thinking.o Cannot conserve.o Lack hierarchical classification.- Egocentrism:o Failure to distinguish others’ views from one’s own.- Animistic Thinking:o Belief that inanimate objects have actual