HD 101 1nd Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Developmental Stage for 3-6 Month OldII. Developmental Stage for 6-9 Month OldIII. Review of Vocab Outline of Current Lecture II. Vocabulary Review (cont)Current Lecture- Vocabulary:o Cross-sectional studies, studies a group of participants differing in age the same point in timeo Longitudinal studies, where participants are studied repeatedly and the changes are noted as they get older.o Naturalistic research, an approach that goes into the field, or natural environment, and record the behavior of interest.o Ethical issues, protection from harm, informed consent, privacy, knowledge of the results, and beneficial treatments.o Teratogen, any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period.o Age of viability, the point at which the fetus can survive, between 22-26 weeks.o Proximal-distal, growth from the center outward.o Cephalo-caudal, growth from head to toe.o Dominant gene, when only one allele is needed to affect the child’s characteristics.o Recessive gene, when two alleles are needed to affect the child’s characteristics.o Gametes, sex cells.o Zygote, when the sperm and ovum unite at conception.o Blastocyst, when a hollow, fluid-like ball is formed, by the fourth day.o Chromosomes, storing and transmitting genetic information.o Genes, a segment of DNA along the length of the chromosome.o Amniotic fluid, keeps the temperature of the prenatal world constant and provides a cushion against any jolts cause by the women’s movements.o Ultrasoundo Amniocentesis, a prenatal diagnostic method for detection problems before birthoccurs.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Implantation, the blastocyst burrows deep into the uterine lining.o Placenta, permits food and oxygen to reach the organism and waste products to be carried away. o Lanugo, white, downy hair that covers the entire body.o Vernix, protection of the skin from chapping during the long months.o Dilation and effacement, contractions of the uterus causes dilation and effacement.o Postpartum depression, depression triggered by childbirth or the end of pregnancy.o Preterm, infants that are born several weeks before their due date.o SGA/Small-for-date, babies below their expected weight considering the length of pregnancy.o Genotype, the complex blend of genetic information that determines our speciesand influences our characteristics.o Phenotype, observable characteristics.o Apgar, a scale on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.o Reflexes (Babinski, moro, rooting, Palmar, blinking, steeping, sucking): Babinski, when the foot is stroked the toes will fan out. Moro, throws their arms out and then back in when there is a loud noise. Rooting, when their cheek is stroked their head will turn the direction of the stroke. Palmar, grasping objects with their