HD 101 1nd Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Body Growth in Middle ChildhoodII. Common Health ProblemsIII. Causes of Obesity in Middle ChildhoodIV. Psychological and Social Consequence of ObesityV. Illnesses in Middle Childhood VI. Motor Development in Middle ChildhoodVII. Sex Differences in Motor DevelopmentVIII. Physical Play DevelopmentIX. Piaget’s Theory: Achievement of the Concrete Operational StageX. Concrete Operational ThoughtXI. Information-ProcessingXII. Attention in Middle ChildhoodXIII. Development of Memory StrategiesXIV. Promoting Cognitive Self-RegulationXV. Information Processing and Academic LearningXVI. Aptitude and AchievementXVII.Cultural Bias in TestingXVIII. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence XIX. Characteristics of High-Quality Elementary EducationXX. Teacher-Student InteractionOutline of Current Lecture II. Characteristics of High-Quality Elementary EducationIII. Educational PhilosophiesIV. Teacher-Student InteractionV. Children with Learning DifficultiesVI. Creativity and Divergent ThinkingVII. Educating Gifted and Talented ChildrenVIII. Asian vs. American SchoolsCurrent Lecture- Characteristics of High-Quality Elementary Education:o Class size.o Physical setting.o Curriculum.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Teacher-student interactions.o Evaluation of progress.o Relationships with families.- Educational Philosophies:o Traditional vs. constructivist. Traditional; students sit in rows, teacher are in control, and students are passive learners. Constructivist; students and teachers are partners in controlo New philosophical directions. Socio-constructivist.- Teachers and children as partners.- Many types of symbolic communication.- Meaningful activities.- Zone of proximal development.- Reciprocal teaching.- Teacher-Student Interaction:o Good teachers; caring, helpful, stimulating. Too many use repetitive drills. Better achievement in stimulating classrooms.o Individual differences. Well-behaved, high achievers get more attention. More impact of attention on low SES. Self-fulfilling prophecy.- Children with Learning Difficulties:o Difficulties include: Mild mental retardation. Learning disabilities (5-10% of children).o Law requires “least restrictive” environment. Mainstreaming. Full inclusion.- Creativity and Divergent Thinking:o The ability to produce original, appropriate work.o Convergent thinking: Single correct answer. Emphasized on intelligence tests.o Divergent thinking: Generating multiple unusual possibilities.- Educating Gifted and Talented Children:o Gifted = high IQ.o Talented = outstanding in a specific field.o Several education methods. Enrichment in regular classroom. Pull out for special instruction. Move to higher grade. Multiple intelligences models.- Asian Schools vs. American Schools:o Asian schools show more: Cultural valuing of academic achievement. Emphasis on effort. High-quality education for all. Time devoted to