H_D 101 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction to human developmentOutline of Current Lecture II. Aspects of ContextIII. Human Development as an Area of ResearchIV. Physical DevelopmentV. Cognitive DevelopmentVI. Psychosocial DevelopmentVII. Life-Cycle ForcesVIII. Recurring IssuesCurrent Lecture- Aspects of Context:o Cohort: A group of people born at around the same time, in the same place. Affected by similar social events.o Culture: Systems of meanings and customs, including values, attitudes, goals, laws, beliefs, moral guidelines, physical artifacts, customs – shared by an identifiable group and passed from one generation to another.o Social Clock: Set of age norms. (terrible 2’s)o Normative History-Graded Influences: Biological and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment. Depression, desert storm, WWII.o Normative Age-Graded Influences: Biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group, regardless of when or where they are raised. Something that is true for adolescents, or two year olds.o Normative Sociocultural-Graded Influences: Social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual, depending on such factors as race or ethnicity.o Non-Normative Life Events:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Specific, atypical events that occur in a particular person’s life at a time when they do not happen to most people. Ex death of a parent, diagnosed with a terrible disease.- Human Development as an Area of Research:o Biology.o Education.o Psychology.o History.o Sociology.o Anthropology.o Medicine Brain development.o Economics.- Physical Development:o Physical growth and change.o Social and cultural issues that affect growth and change. Nutrients, interaction with kids and family, kids are beginning to walk at an earlier age.o Examples: growth of the brain, nervous system, muscles, senses, need for food, drink, and sleep.- Cognitive Development:o Mental processes – knowledge and awareness.o Perception.o Education, life experience.o Intellectual capabilities, learning, memory, and problem-solving.- Psychosocial Development:o Social, emotional, and personality development. Three basic types: the difficult baby (cries a lot, difficult to connect with because of resistance), the slow-to-warm baby (resistant to strangers, kind of in the middle), and the easy baby (goes with the flow, likes other people, and responsive). Mistaken behavior not misbehavior; if a child sees abuse in the home that’s how they might act in other social environments.o Influence of family, school, community, culture, and society – especially important.- Life-Cycle Forces:o Differences in how the same event affects people of different ages.o Age at which one marries, as children, gets a college degree.o Normative vs. non-normative experiences.- Recurring Issues:o Nature vs. nurture – to what degree do genetic/hereditary (nature) influences and experiential/environmental (nurture) influences determine the kind of person you are?o Continuity vs. discontinuity – is development of a particular phenomenon a smooth progression throughout life (continuous) or a series of abrupt shifts (discontinuous)?Universal vs. context-specific – is there just one path of development, or are there several