COMM 315 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. How Words WorkII. The Power of WordsIII. How to Manage MisunderstandingsIV. How to Use Words of SupportV. How to ApologizeVI. How to Be AssertiveOutline of Current Lecture I. Characteristics of Women’s InteractionsII. Characteristics of Men’s InteractionsIII. How to Express Your Emotions to OthersIV. Verbal Communication And GoalsCurrent Lecture- Characteristics of Women’s Interactionso Talk to establish equality- “I know how you feel” o Talk to show emotional support to others- “That sounds very frustrating.”o Conducting “conversational maintenance”- work keeping convo goingo Make sure everyone present feels invited to talko More tentative in the way the use language- more qualifiers, and hedging (powerless)o More time composing email messages to ensure social norms (tailoring to recipient) o More likely to pick up on relational cues in the email - Characteristics of Men’s Interactionso Prove oneself and negotiate prestigeo Talk to establish power, status, and wortho Talk to accomplish tasks (seek and share info, solve problems)o Talk to sustain and even dominate conversation (may interrupt more)o More assertive when talking o Use more general and abstract languageThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Provide fewer responsive cues- “I’m listening”- they just assume that you know that they are listening - How to Express your Emotions to otherso Use well-chosen words or phrases to express the emotions you are feeling  Positive, neutral, or negative words o Practice expressing your emotions  If your friend is moving- You’ll feel depressed/lonely  If you just inherited money from aunt that passed away- mixed emotions If your roommate complains that you’re a slob- frustration, anxiety, anger o Use Word Pictures- short statement or story that illustrates or describes an emotion; often use a simile to clarify the image- Verbal Communication and Goalso Grice’s Principal of Cooperation- (NOT IN THE BOOK) Process of Cooperation between parties to keep the conversation movingand accomplish both parties pragmatic objectives  Maxim of Quantity- Provide enough information to keep conversation going, but no more that is needed to keep conversation going smoothly  Maxim of Quality- Telling the truth and making assertions that you can support with credible evidence - Not just making stuff up to make the convo. Interesting  Maxim of Relation- - Being relevant and presenting information that is relevant to the conversations- Being on topic  Maxim of Manner- Being clear and avoiding obscurity- Clip of The Princess Diaries- When Julie Andrews tells granddaughter that she’s a princess and says Shut Up When we have all four working together the conversations works well until the people decide to end convo. But if any one faults then the conversation can drop Power/Dominance- if in a convo with someone who we feel has more dominant then we will stop participating o Illocutionary Acts and Pair Parts Illocutionary Acts- Speech acts that have intended effects on listeners- Words are chosen for a reason and to create a response in the other party- 4 types of Illocutionary Actso Constantives- words that try to get the other person to believe somethingo Directives- statements intended to effect the behavior of the listenero “Take out the trash”o Commissives- obligating oneself to accomplish something- promises that we makeo Acknowledgements- Speech acts that express ones feelings for the listeners- “I’m sorry” “I Love you” - Pair Parts- How partners cooperate in making conversationo Preferred- When a person responds in the way we expect (“Hi, How are you?”—“I’m good how are you?”)o Dispreffered- When a person responds in a way we don’t expect (“Hi, How are you?”—“I’m having a really bad day today, how bout you?”)o Example from “The Holiday” Movie (“I Love you”- “I wasn’texpecting an I love you” )o Staying on Topic Stay on topic long enough for both people to have time to discuss Event Focused Messages- Staying w/I broader topic of conversations “What we will do Saturday” Issue Focused Messages- Relate to precise content under discussion- topic from line to line in discussionso Changing Topics Coherent topic shifts- take place when new topic is somehow related to the old one - 3 Types:o Topic shading- explicitly and sometimes awkwardly attempts to connect on topic to the next (speaking of last night…)o Explicit pre-act: explicitly bounds to next topic that is delivered prior to discussing the new topic (Wait I need to tell you this before I forget)o Renewal: Happens when we trail off/get distracted (What was I saying?)  Non-coherent topic shifts- Occur when there is no connection between one topic and the next- really abrupt- do not provide bounding or shading- they just switch  Sin License- Obtaining permission to change the topic- (I don’t mean to change the topic but….. or (Taledega nights: With all do