COMM 315 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. Characteristics of Women’s InteractionsII. Characteristics of Men’s InteractionsIII. How to Express Your Emotions to OthersIV. Verbal Communication And GoalsOutline of Current Lecture I. Nonverbal CommunicationII. Identifying the Importance of Nonverbal CommunicationCurrent LectureChapter 7: nonverbal Communication Skills- Nonverbal Communication- behavior other than written or spoken language that createsmeaning for someone.o Intrinsic Cue- your biological responses you have limited control over (surprise fear pupils dilating)o Iconic Cue- linked to biological processes, but are more purposeful and are usually more controllable.(blinking a lot, eyes water when cutting onions) patters more specific to the persono Arbitrary Cue- created within a social/cultural group that have meaning (gig ‘em sign here is not the same as it is in Europe)- Identifying the Importance of Nonverbal Communicationo Nonverbal messages are the primary way we communicate out feelings and attitudeso Nonverbal message are usually more believable than verbal messageso Nonverbal messages work with verbal messages to create meaning Nonverbal cues help us manage verbal messages- might use a gesture to add to verbal language or to replace it Nonverbal cues enhance the emotional meaning of verbal messageso Nonverbal messages help people respond and adapt to others Interaction Adaptation Theory- suggest that people interact with others by adapting to their communication behaviorsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Interactional Synchrony- mirroring of each other’s nonverbal behavior by communication partners. Happens consciously. o Nonverbal messages play a major role in interpersonal relationships 65% of the social, or relational, meaning in messages is based on nonverbal communication Nonverbal cues, accurate or not, affect first impressions- Understanding Nonverbal Communication Codeso Body movements and posture Kinesics- study of human movement and gesture 4 stages of a “Quasi-Courtship behavior”- Courtship readiness- making ourselves attractive for the other person- Preening Behaviors-manipulate your appearance by combing your hair, applying makeup, straightening your tie,- Positional cues- using your posture and body orientation to ensurethat you will be seen and noticed by others- Appeals to invitation- eye contact, cuing close proximity, exposed skin, open body positions. “Warm” people- Face their communication partners directly- Smile more- Make more direct eye contact- Fidget less- Make fewer unnecessary hand movements “Cold” people- Make less eye contact- Smile less- Fidget more- Turn away from their partnerso 5 categories of classified movement and gestures according to their function Emblems- nonverbal cues that have specific, generally understood meanings in a given culture and may substitute for a word or phrase (waving instead of saying hello, clapping instead of saying bravo) Illustrators- nonverbal behaviors that accompany a verbal message and either contradict, accent or complement it (flight attendants waving their arms to exits) Affect Display- nonverbal behavior that communicated emotions (happy faces that increase emotions and show that you’re really happy) Regulators- nonverbal messages that help to control the interaction or flow of communication between two people (signs that show you want toengage in a conversation; raising your hand opening your mouth, raisingyour eyebrows. Opposite signs: crossed arms, leaning back in your seat averted eyes, show you want to leave a conversation) Adaptors- nonverbal behaviors that satisfy a personal need and help a person adapt or respond to the immediate situation (wearing a sweater or holding yourself when it’s cold; fanning yourself when your hot)o Eye Contacto Four functions of eye contact in interpersonal interactions Cognitive function- gives you information about another person’s thoughtprocesses Monitoring function- you receive a major portion of the information you obtain through your eyes Regulatory function- regulates whom you are likely to talk with; when youlook at someone, it’s like inviting that person to speak to you. Looking away is the opposite Expressive function- the area around your eyes serves an expressive function. You may cry, blink, and widen or narrow your gaze to express your feelings.o Facial Expression  The face is the exhibit gallery for emotional displays To interpret a partner’s facial expressions accurately, you need to put yourother orientation skills to work, focusing on what the other person may be thinking or feeling The face is capable of producing over 250,000 different expressions. There are 6 basic facial expressions- Surprise- wide open eyes; raised and wrinkled brow; open mouth- Fear- open mouth; tense skin under the eyes; wrinkles in the center of the forehead- Disgust- raised or curled upper lip; winkled nose; raised cheeks; lowered brow; lowered upper eyelid- Anger- tensed lower eyelid; either pursed lips or open mouth; lowered and wrinkled brow; staring eyes- Happiness- smiling; mouth may be open or closed; raised cheeks; wrinkles around lower eyelids- Lop may tremble; corners of the lips turn downward; corners of the upper eyelid may be raised Facial expressions are contagious Smiling is cross cultural There may be a universal basis for interpreting facial expressionso Vocal Cues Vocal cues communicate emotions and help us manage conversations; even the lack of vocal cues communicates information We make guesses about a person’s personality, power, credibility, and sexuality based only on vocal cues Our vocal cues communicate emotions It’s primarily your voice that communicate your level of intimacy with others when you express your ideas People are likely to confuse fear with nervousness, love with sadness and pride with satisfaction Vocal cues help us manage conversations- Backchannel cues- vocal cues that signal your wish to speak or stop speaking (“mhmm” “yea” “keep going” or silence)  Accent- We can get rid of accents because of adaption Sarcasm- you can’t have a sarcastic comment or conversation without theinflection of