COMM 315 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Forming ImpressionsII. Interpreting BehaviorIII. Interpersonal Perception Barriers IV. Online StereotypesV. Improving Interpersonal Perception SkillsOutline of Current Lecture I. Understanding DiversityII. Understanding CultureIII. Intercultural Communication and BarriersIV. Improving Intercultural Communication CompetenceV. Intercultural Communication CompetenceVI. Enhancing Online Intercultural RelationshipsCurrent LectureChapter 4: Interpersonal Communication and Diversity: Adapting to Others- Understanding Diversity: Describing Out Differenceso Sex and gender  (see definitions in past lectures)o Sexual orientation to be a successful and thoughtful communicator, you have to be sensitive to different sexual orientationso Race and ethnicity Ethnicity- what you see yourself as, how you relate to others Race- genetically traceable features  Discriminationo Age How generational differences affect how we communicate with each other. Older generations seem to have a harder time understanding non-verbal communication cues Matures (1925-1942)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Work hard; have a sense of duty; willing to sacrifice; have a sense of what is right; work quickly Baby Boomers (1943-1960)- Value personal fulfillment and optimism; crusade for causes; buy now, pay later; support equal rights for all; work efficiently Generation X (1961-1981)- Balance is important (work/life balance); live for today; concernedwith saving; consider every job as a contract; live with uncertainty  Millennials (1982-2002)- Close to their parents; feel “special”; goal oriented; focus on achievement; team oriented; have a greater need to feel appreciated o Social class Identified in 5 ways:- The way of life- The family- Job- Money- Education Virtually every group/organization has some sort of hierarchy. More likely to interact with someone in our own class People who interact with others over time seem to develop similar expressions and speech patterns Members of a social class develop ways to represent their social class to others (how they dress, signs, symbols, etc.) It is possible to change a social class through education and lifestyle- Understanding Culture: Dimensions of Our Mental Softwareo Culture- a learned system of behavior, beliefs, values, and norms that is shared by a group of people. Can be where you’re from, religion.o Worldview- A persons general view on perceptions in the worldo Co-culture- distinct culture within a larger culture. (Ex: high schooler within high school itself; athlete in high school etc.)o Enculturation- process of learning a culture by communicating from generation to generationo Individualism- One and Many Value individual achievement  Collectivist cultures- expect more as a groupo Context- High and Low High Context- Information isn’t explicitly communicated through language but by environmental and non-verbal cues. Face saving; subtle Low Context- it’s more about the words you actually sayo Gender- Masculine and Feminine Masculine Cultures- value achievement, material wealth, individual achievement. Content communicators Feminine Cultures- sensitive to others, overall quality of life, take care of otherso Uncertainty- High and Low Tolerance High Tolerance for Uncertainty- much more relaxed, informal expectations of others; rules aren’t a huge part of these cultures; laid back expectations Low Tolerance for Uncertainty- strong codes/ruleso Power- Centralized and Decentralized Centralized Power- value having power in the hands of a small number ofpeople Decentralized Power- equality and equal distribution of power and administrations among more people. o Time- Short Term and Long Term Short Term Time- value spending, tradition on saving face, if they do something good, they expect something good to  Long Term Time- places emphasis on the future, value perseverance and saving Monochromic Cultures- one thing at a time, everything is scheduled, don’t like interruption, respect for private property, don’t like to lend/borrow. Time is punctual Polychromic Cultures- do multiple things at the same time, easily distracted, willing to change plans easily, handle distractions well. People are their main concern, not the task; long term relationships. More relational than task oriented. - Intercultural Communicationo Communication between or among people who have different cultural traditions Culture shock- confusion, anxiety, or stress when you encounter a culturedifferent from your own- Barriers to Effective Intercultural Communicationo Ethnocentrism- your culture is superior to others.  We can avoid this by being mindful, separating the politics from the person, and avoiding stereotypes. o Different Communication Codes- different cultures have different communication codes (verbal and non-verbal) that can hinder clear communication. (Ex: Pepsi’s slogan “come alive with Pepsi” translated to “will bring your ancestors back to life” in Taiwanese)o Stereotyping and prejudice Stereotyping- a widely oversimplified image of someone or a group of people Prejudice- a judgment made before knowing the persono Assuming Similarities/Differences Just because you belong to a group/organization or culture, doesn’t meanthat you’re going to act the same way Just because you don’t belong to a group/organization or culture, doesn’t mean that you don’t act the same way- Improving Intercultural Communication Competenceo Intercultural Communication Competence- the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately with people of other cultureso Develop knowledge Seek information- Contact Hypothesis- the more you have in contact with a group, the more you understand them Ask questions and listen effectively - Be prepared to share information as well as receiving it. Create a “third culture”- Common ground when people from separate cultures make a newculture to become more comprehensive. Comes from talk and dialogue. Takes a long time. Reduces an “Us vs. Them” idea.o Developing motivation: strategies to accept others Done in 3 ways:- Learn to tolerate uncertainty- by not making snap judgments and seek clarity and