Slide 1Slide 2Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Slide 62Slide 63Slide 64Slide 65Slide 66Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Slide 70Slide 71Slide 72Slide 73Slide 74Slide 75Slide 76Slide 77Slide 78Slide 79Slide 80Slide 81Slide 82Slide 83Slide 84Slide 85Slide 86Slide 87Slide 88Slide 89use your up/down arrow keys and/or your space bar to advance the slidesUniversity of Minnesota DuluthTim Roufs © 2010-2013"Selam" aka "Lucy's Baby”OtherImportantTermsPrehistoric Cultureshttp://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/University of Minnesota DuluthTim Roufs © 2010-2013"Selam" aka "Lucy's Baby”OtherImportantTermsPrehistoric Cultureshttp://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/. . . and one or more of these term clarificationsmight prove interesting, and even helpful with your exams and class projectsthis is the same chart as in the“Main Characteristics of Anthropology”materialdifficult terms• ethnography– scientific description of cultures (“a portrait of a people”)• ethno – graphy–graph from the Greek, meaning something “written” or “drawn”• ethno – graphy–ethnography looks at “who,” “what,” “where” and “when”• ethnology– comparative study of cultures• ethn – ology– comparative study of cultures• ethn – ology– ethnology looks at “why” and “how”• ethnology– comparative study of cultures• ethnology– comparative study of culturestake out the n and that yields an entirely different word . . .• ethology– comparative study of cultures–scientific study of the social behavior of animals, especially in their natural environments• primatology– scientific study of the social behavior of primates, especially (non-human primates) apes and monkeys• primatology– scientific study of the social behavior of primates, especially (non-human primates) apes and monkeyswe’ll see this in Ch. 6, “An Overview of the Primates”Ch. 7, “Primate Behavior”• “primatologist”–usually refers to one who studies the behavior and social lives of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, monkeys, etc.–e.g., Jane Goodall, Diane FossyBirute Galdikas-BrindamourGrand Central Publishing, 2006Jane Goodall is the most famous primatologist of all time . . .• “primates” include• prosimians (“pre-monkeys”)• monkeys• apes• and also humans• “primates”• prosimians (“pre-monkeys”)• monkeys• apes• and also humansincludewww.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html• “non-human primates” are– prosimians (“pre-monkeys”)– monkeys– apeswww.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html“non-human primates”with regard to primates, note one major recent change . . .“hominins” is now generally used rather than “hominids”with regard to primates, note one major recent change . . .“hominins” is now generally used rather than “hominids”this reflects a relatively recent change in the classification of the Great Apes and prehistoric forms like “Lucy”other important terms include . . .ethnocentrism–judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture rather than by the standards of that particular cultureethnocentrism–judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture rather than by the standards of that particular culturetwo fundamental concepts in anthropology are . . .cultural relativismethnocentrism–is the mindset of judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture rather than by the standards of that particular culturecultural relativism–refers to the perspective that each culture must be understood in terms of the values and ideas of that culture and should not be judged by the standards of anothercultural relativism• absolute cultural relativism• critical cultural relativismin recent times two types of cultural relativism have emerged . . .cultural relativism• absolute cultural relativism• critical cultural relativismin recent times two types of cultural relativism have emerged . . .the term as originally proposed came to be referred to as . . .–the perspective that says a person from one culture should not question the rightness or wrongness of behavior or ideas in other cultures because that would be ethnocentricabsolute cultural relativism–was quickly criticized as unacceptable as, taken literally, [absolute] cultural relativism suggested we should accept anything and everything that was thought to be OK by the people under considerationabsolute cultural relativism–critics quickly pointed to Hitler and the World War II Holocaust and (rightfully) said that no one should accept behaviors that resulted in The [WW II] Holocaust; that such behavior was unacceptable under any circumstancesabsolute cultural relativism–and the critics added enough other examples so that the original concept of cultural relativism was modified and resulted in today’s concept of critical cultural relativismabsolute cultural relativismcritical cultural relativism–offers an alternative view that poses questions about cultural practices and ideas in terms of who accepts them and why, and who they might be harming or helpingcritical cultural relativism . . .answered many of the early criticsbut—even accepting the modified concept—it is oftentimes not easy to figure out what “. . . in terms of who accepts them and why, and who they might be harming or helping” meanscritical cultural relativism . . .let’s look at a few examples of where “it is oftentimes not easy to figure out what ‘. . . in terms of who accepts them and why, and who they might be harming or helping’ means” . . .–doctor assisted suicide–arranged “underage” marriage–female genital mutilations–withholding of medical treatment of children for religious reasons–polygyny . . .how about?absolute cultural relativismin many places doctor assisted suicide is legal, perfectly acceptable to many if not most, of the members of a cultureis that OK?\ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_euthanasiapeople living