Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Slide 62Slide 63Slide 64Slide 65Slide 66Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Slide 70Slide 71http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/University of Minnesota DuluthTim Roufs© 2010-2013Class Slides Set 10ASpecial Skills Used to Study Early Humans. . . or how to make senseout ofCh. 8 of the text . . .Other Methodsof Analysisother methods of analysis•microwear analysis•living floor analysis•phylogenetic analysis–cladistics•seriation•ethnoarchaeologyother methods of analysis•microwear analysis•living floor analysis•phylogenetic analysis–cladistics•seriation•ethnoarchaeologymicrowear analysisis the study of the polishes, striations, and other diagnostic microscopic changes on the edges of stone, teeth, and other materialsmicrowear analysisis the study of the polishes, striations, and other diagnostic microscopic changes on the edges of stone, teeth, and other materialsstriationsscratches or grooves on the surface of a tool, tooth, or boneHumankind Emerging, 7th Ed., p. 278.Marks on Olduvai fossil bones (left),experimentally cut stone tools (right).National Geographic, November 1985.National Geographic, November 1985.Humankind Emerging, 7th Ed., p. 279.Experimental archaeology.http://people.ku.edu/~wbanks/experimental.htmlhttp://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/gault/clovis.htmlhttp://exn.ca/Stories/1999/10/04/54.asphttp://exn.ca/Stories/1999/10/04/54.aspHumankind Emerging, 7th Ed., p. 443.Incised stone from Tata, Hungary.Antler Tool from La Marche, France.Humankind Emerging, 7th Ed., p. 443.People of the Earth, 10th Ed., p. 141.Antler Tool from La Marche, France.other methods of analysis•microwear analysis•living floor analysis•phylogenetic analysis–cladistics•seriation•ethnoarchaeologyliving floor analysisanalysis of places where early human bands camped, leaving behind evidence of their habitationHumankind Emerging, 7th Ed., p. 282.Bed I, Olduvai Gorge.The Emergence of Humankind (4th Ed.). (Harper & Row, 1985), p. 79.Humankind Emerging, 7th Ed., p. 283.other methods of analysis•microwear analysis•living floor analysis•phylogenetic analysis–cladistics•seriation•ethnoarchaeologyphylogenetic analysisset of criteria for selecting traits and a methodology for using them to assess evolutionary relationshipsPeople of the Earth (10th ed). (Prentice-Hall, 2001), p. 44.other methods of analysis•microwear analysis•living floor analysis•phylogenetic analysis–cladistics•seriation•ethnoarchaeologyUnderstanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 99.Constructing Classifications and Interpreting RelationshipsEmber, Ember and Peregrine, Physical Anthropology and Archaeology. (Prentice-Hall, 2004), p. 101.other methods of analysis•microwear analysis•living floor analysis•phylogenetic analysis–cladistics•seriation•ethnoarchaeologyUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsseriationa relative dating method based on the assumption that any artifact or style will appear, gradually increase in popularity until it reaches a peak, and then progressively decreaseseriationa relative dating method based on the assumption that any artifact or style will appear, gradually increase in popularity until it reaches a peak, and then progressively decreaserelative dating•tells us that something is older or younger than something else, but not by how much•tells us what came first, and, with seriation, what comes nextrelative dating•tells us that something is older or younger than something else, but not by how much•tells us what came first, and, with seriation, what comes nextrelative dating•tells us that something is older or younger than something else, but not by how much•tells us what came first, and, with seriation, what comes nextseriationa relative dating method based on the assumption that any artifact or style will appear, gradually increase in popularity until it reaches a peak, and then progressively decreaseUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsREM: relative methodstell you whether something isolder / younger / the same ageUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsGradually being replaced in archaeological research by aquantitative method calledcorrespondence analysis,which achieves the same endPottery types from Deh Luran, Iran.Source: Hole, Flannery and Neely, “Prehistory and Human EcologyOf the Deh Luran Plain: An Early Village Sequence fromKhuzistan, Iran.” Ann Arbor: 1969, fig. 69.seriationRelative dating method that orders artiacts into a temporal series based on their similar attributes or the frequency of these attributes10th Ed. p. 190, 188James Deetz. Invitation to Archaeology. The Natural History Press, 1967.tombstones from Stoneham, MassachusettsJames Deetz. Invitation to Archaeology. The Natural History Press, 1967.tombstones from Stoneham, MassachusettsJames Deetz. Invitation to Archaeology. The Natural History Press, 1967.tombstones from Stoneham, MassachusettsMesa Community CollegeDeath’sHeadCherubUrnand Willow= 100%= 100%= 100%Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9th Ed), p. 378Pottery types from Deh Luran, Iran.Source: Hole, Flannery and Neely, “Prehistory and Human EcologyOf the Deh Luran Plain: An Early Village Sequence fromKhuzistan, Iran.” Ann Arbor: 1969, fig. 69.Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9th Ed), p. 342Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (9th Ed), p. 343Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th Ed), p. 417Richard S. Mac Neish, Scientific American, 1964.Richard S. Mac Neish, Scientific American, 1964.Wild cornwildpod-popvarietyTeosinteTripsacumRichard S. Mac Neish, Scientific American, 1964.5,000 B.C.3,000 B.C.1,000 B.C.4,000