Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Slide 62Slide 63Slide 64Slide 65Slide 66Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Slide 71Slide 72Slide 73Slide 75Slide 76Slide 77Slide 78Slide 79Slide 80Slide 81Slide 82Slide 83Slide 84Slide 85Slide 86Slide 87Slide 88Slide 89Slide 90Slide 91Slide 92Slide 93Slide 94Slide 95Slide 97Slide 98Slide 99Slide 100Slide 101Slide 102Slide 103Slide 104Slide 105Slide 106Slide 107Slide 108Slide 109Slide 110Slide 111Slide 112Slide 113Slide 114Slide 115Slide 116Slide 117Slide 118Slide 119Slide 120Slide 121Slide 122Slide 123http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/University of Minnesota DuluthTim Roufs© 2010-2013Class Slides Set 10ASpecial Skills Used to Study Early Humans. . . or how to make senseout ofCh. 8 of the text . . .Archaeological Dating MethodsIn the Field and Labtechniques =specific tools / procedures usedmethods =basic overall approaches to a problemIn the Field and Labarchaeological dating methods1.relative dating2.chronometric dating (aka “absolute” dating)Relative and Chronometric DatingUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 185Understanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsREM: relativemethodstell you whether something isolder / younger / the same ageA Summary of Dating Methods.Understanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184REM: chronometricmethodsyield yield a date often scaled in calendar yearsMichels, Dating Methods in Archaeology, p. 4.Relative and “Absolute” (Chronometric) Dating Techniques.method techniquePeople of the Earth, 10th Ed., p. 11.techniquetechniquesIn the Field and Labstratigraphythe sequence of geological strata, or layers, formed by materials deposited by water or wind also the study of this sequenceUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsREM: relativemethodstell you whether something isolder / younger / the same ageHumankind Emerging, 7th Ed., p. 24.People of the Earth, p. 18.Understanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 185Principle of SuperpositionPeople of the Earth, p. 16.In the Field and Labarchaeological dating methods1.relative dating2.chronometric dating (aka “absolute” dating)In the Field and Labarchaeological dating methods1.relative datingplaces finds in a sequence but provides no actual estimates in numbers of yearsIn the Field and Lab1.relative datingestimating the age of geologic deposits (and the fossils in them) by determining their stratigraphic level in relation to that of other deposits whose relative or absolute age is known archaeological dating methodsIn the Field and LabR.1. or “First Order Relative Dating”c = contemporaneousi = intrusiver = redepositedIn the Field and LabR.2. or “Second Order Relative Dating”stage referable to local sequencee.g., Olduvai Bed IIn the Field and LabR.2. or “Second Order Relative Dating”stage referable to local sequencee.g., Olduvai Bed IUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 193.Geological sequence at Olduvai Gorge.Note Geological beds.Hoebel, Anthropology: The Study of Man and Archaeology, 4th Ed., p. 153.Olduvai Gorge, Kenya.Bed IIn the Field and LabR.2. or “Second Order Relative Dating”stage referable to local sequencee.g., Olduvai Bed IIn the Field and LabR.3. or “Third Order Relative Dating”inferred position in terms of wider-scale stratigraphy or cultural sequencee.g., Lower VillafrancianIn the Field and LabR.3. or “Third Order Relative Dating”inferred position in terms of wider-scale stratigraphy or cultural sequencee.g., Lower VillafrancianIn the Field and Lab began (m.y.a.) Holocene  Villafranchian 0.01 1.6 Pleistocene 1.8 Pliocene 5 Miocene 23 Oligocene 34 Eocene 55In the Field and LabR.4. or “Morphological Dating”estimate of age based on shape or styleIn the Field and LabR.4. or “Morphological Dating”estimate of age based on shape or styleUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsREM: relative methodstell you whether something isolder / younger / the same ageUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 184Paleoanthropology is Heavily Interdisciplinary.relative dating methodsGradually being replaced in archaeological research by aquantitative method calledcorrespondence analysis,which achieves the same endPottery types from Deh Luran, Iran.Source: Hole, Flannery and Neely, “Prehistory and Human EcologyOf the Deh Luran Plain: An Early Village Sequence fromKhuzistan, Iran.” Ann Arbor: 1969, fig. 69.seriationRelative dating method that orders artiacts into a temporal series based on their similar attributes or the frequency of these attributes11th Ed. p. 184, 186-187Pottery types from Deh Luran, Iran.Source: Hole, Flannery and Neely, “Prehistory and Human EcologyOf the Deh Luran Plain: An Early Village Sequence fromKhuzistan, Iran.” Ann Arbor: 1969, fig. 69.UMD Statesman, 15 November 2001.Lake Superior Old Copper Culture, 4,000 B.C. - 1,000 B.C.Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 354.Typological dating, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico.http://www.duluthnewstribune.com/articles/index.cfm?id=50209&section=newshttp://www.duluthnewstribune.com/articles/index.cfm?id=50209&section=newsIn the Field and Labarchaeological dating methods1.relative dating2.chronometric dating (aka “absolute” dating)In the Field and Labarchaeological dating methods2.chronometric dating (aka “absolute” dating)provides estimates in actual numbers of years (sometimes +/-)Relative and Chronometric DatingUnderstanding Humans, 11th Ed., p. 185In the Field and Lab2.chronometric dating (aka “absolute” dating)determining the actual age of geological deposits (and the fossils in them) by examining the chemical composition of rock fragments and organic remains containing radioactive substances such as uranium 238, and carbon 14, which decay at a known ratearchaeological dating methodsIn the Field and LabA.1. or “First