1Rhagoletis pomonellaNative to North AmericaMales hang around fruit and mate with femalesFemales oviposit eggs on hawthorne fruitLarvae grow up on fruit, spoiling it2Liger (male lion with female tiger)3Mule (male donkey + female horse)Hinny (female donkey + male horse)4Zebroid (female horse + male zebra)56789Knowlton et al. (1993) Divergence in proteins,mitochondrial DNA, and reproductive comp-atibility across the Isthmus of Panama. Science260:1629–1632.10Reproductive isolation after divergence (Dodd, 1989)Grew four populations of fruit flies on starch-basedfood.Grew four populations on maltose-based medium.After letting the populations reproduce independently for some time, he found detectable genetic differencesusing starch-gel electrophoresis.11Dodd (1989)StarchMaltoseStarch229Maltose820FemaleMaleStarch (same)Starch (diff.)Starch (same)1815Starch (diff.)1215FemaleMaleControl12Rhagoletis pomonellaNative to North AmericaMales hang around fruit and mate with femalesFemales oviposit eggs on hawthorne fruitLarvae grow up on fruit, spoiling it13About 100 years ago, Rhagoletis started to lay eggs on apples, and also on cherries, pearsand roses.Now is a major agricultural pest.Assortative mating (hawthorn males mate withhawthorn females; apple males mate with applefemales)The two races (apple/hawthorn) are geneticallydifferent (from gel electrophoresis)Developmental time is different too (40 vs. 60 days for hawthorn maggots)14Evolution of the Eocene primatePelycodus and Notharctus.15Evolutionary trends in Lepidolina:The increase in the diameter of theprolocus (initial chamber) of thefusulinid foraminiferan Lepidolinamultiseptata.16Rhizosolenia (planktonic diatom)17Metrabdotos
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