Bio1b Summer 2008 Plants Lecture 3Eric Harris Page 1 of 2PLANTS LECTURE 3: FERNS & GYMNOSPERMSReading: 7th ed., 584–597; 8th ed., 610–625. A. Evolution and Introduction to Vascular plantsi) Vascular system evolved ~ 408–387 million years agoii) Changes in evolution of vascular plants includes the dominance of the sporophyte generation, the evolution of the seed (in gymnosperms), creation of support structures, and changes in the way gametes are transported.B. Seedless Vascular Plants (a.k.a. Ferns and fern allies, a.k.a. Pteridophytes)i) Diversity includes ~ 12,000 speciesMajor groups: ferns, lycophytesii) Fern life cycle (7th ed. p. 585, 8th ed. p. 611)iii) Heterospory vs. homosporyiv) Extinct pteridophytes: the coal forestsC. Vascular Plants with “naked” seeds (a.k.a. Gymnosperms)i) Diversity includes ~ 8000 species. Major groups: conifers, gingko, cycads, gnetophytes ii) Important changes in the gymnosperm life cycle: reduction in the gametophyte generation, evolution of pollen, evolution of the seed. iii) Pine life cycle (7th ed. p. 597, 8th ed. p. 624)iv) Terms related to life cycle: microsporangia ➔microspores, megasporangia➔megasporesv) The ovule = megasporangium, megaspore and integuments The seed = a fertilized ovuleUpdated on 07/20/08Bio1b Summer 2008 Plants Lecture 3Eric Harris Page 2 of 2Updated on
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