ENTO 208 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Lecture 15Direct ImportanceI. Vector-borne agentsII. Diseases caused by VirusesIII. Diseases caused by protozoansIV. Diseases caused by filarial nematodesOutline of Lecture 16I. Iceberg principle II. Prevention and control III. Approachesa. Prevent bitesb. Suppress populationsc. Minimize mosquito vertebrate contactd. Reduce longevity of female mosquitoe. Reduce host susceptibility Current LectureMosquito and mosquito-borne disease control Iceberg principle - the diseases that we recognize are just the tip of the diseases out there-Also: many diseases occur heavily in nature, but there is very little spill over to humans(and our pets)For a long time we controlled mosquitoes simply because of the nuisance, before we knew about the diseases they vectored. Mosquito and mosquito-borne disease prevention and control Goal: minimize annoying and harmful effects of mosquito bites and interrupt pathogen transmission. "Eradication" is desirable but difficult to achieve.Approaches1. Prevent bites2. Suppress populations3. Minimize mosquito vertebrate contact4. Reduce longevity of female mosquito5.Reduce host susceptibility SurveillanceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Core objectives: determine distribution, abundance, and degree of pathogen activity*adaptive management*Tools:Abundance and distribution- Traps Degree of pathogen activity - Testing mosquitoes for parasites, Vertebrate serology, Dead bird testing Synthesis results to improve public health Tools for monitoring viral activityMosquito infectionBird infectionDetection of virus, detection of antibodies, sentinel chickensHuman cases-Graphs tracking cases are used to see spikes in cases in nature before it reaches humans Prevention of bitesPersonal protectionPublic health campaignsAvoid dawn to duskProtective clothing or head netsBed netsChemical repellantsSpatial repellantsSuppress mosquito populationsMosquito control (abatement)Habitat manipulation - reduce breeding habitatBiological control (mostly targeting larvae) - mosquito fish, copepods, toxorhynchites (larvae are predacious against other mosquito larvae), BTI (bacteria with anti-mosquito properties)Genetic control - releasing of sterilized males or incompatible strainsLarval control - chemicals, usually more successful than targeting adultsAdult control - adulticides, development of resistance can be a problem Reduced host susceptibility Vaccines for humans and animals Chemoprophylaxis -Administration of medication to prevent disease or infectionTypes:Antibiotics, anti-filarial medication,
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