ENTO 208 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Lecture 3I. External Anatomya. Headb. Eyesc. Mouth partsd. Thoraxe. Legsf. Antennaeg. Abdomen Outline of Lecture 4I. EvolutionII. Hexapodsa. Insectai. Examples of individuals in insectaLecture 4TA lecture * powerpoint on eCampus on Sept. 10 is not the correct powerpointEvolutionEvolutionary Theory-a conceptual model that explains the form, function, and diversity of lifeEvolution- change in the allele frequency in a pop over generational timeHow does allele frequency change? Mutations, sexual reproduction:Random genetic drift - through chance only some of the population survives to reproduce through chance-Genetic drift has greater effect on small populations because of the smaller gene poolNatural Selection - alleles producing advantageous traits over other alleles survive to reproduceHexapods -non insect hexapods-Insecta-apterygota (a=no, pterygota=wings)-pterygotaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-paleoptera (paleo=old, tera=wing)-neoptera (new wing - can fold wings onto back)-hemimetabola ("half metabolism" - incomplete metamorphosis)-holometabola (complete metamorphosis)"Glue peg", "spring tail"Structural featuresfurculum, retinaculum, collophore*Delusory Paratosis - convinced that you are infested with bugs and they are living on you-Won't listen to evidence-Spring tails are often picked as the bug they are infested with because they are so smallThysanura (silverfish)-"fringe-tailed-like cool dry places-eat cellulose-don't track many illnesses-3 large caudal filaments-primitive mouth parts-doesn't sting or bitePaleoptera - mayflies, dragonfliesNeoptera-Dermaptera (earwigs)Skin-wingedNon aggressive, omnivores, under logs and edges of housePincer-like cerciRear their own young in a nestForewing leathery cover for membranous hind wingOrthoptera-straight wing, fore wing is a tagminaHind femur is enlarged for jumpingCommunicate by stridulating (rub together to make noise)Blattodea (Cockroaches)-scavengers, can spread debris-pronotal shield: covers what would be a neck-can cause asthma or allergies in high densityIsoptera (termites - related to roaches, "social roaches"-isoptera=equal winged-digest wood through symbiotic bacteria in their stomach, passed on through feces to young-eusocial; caste system (warriors may be differently formed than normal work-Can trigger asthma and allergiesPsocoptera (booklice, bark lice)-mouth parts developed for scraping-don't get on people-no wingsPhtiraptera (lice)Lice + wingless-ectoparasites - live on the outside-flat body structure, sucking of chewing partsThysanoptera (thrips)Fringe-wingedHang on the air to fly aroundPiercing mouth partsCan bite humans, very rare to have an allergic reactionHemiptera (true bugs)Half wingedSuborder: heteropteraPiercing, sucking mouth parts, beaks & rostrumMany eat bugs, will bite humans and spread diseaseBed bugs (not important in this class, not in syllabus)Holometabola-Coleoptera (beetles)Shield wing, elytra, protects membranous wingMost populous group of bugsUsually bite, not stingBlister beetles - bleed toxic blood out of their knees, causes blisters in humans, toxin isused in tattoo removal, if eaten by horse it can be fatalSiphonaptera (fleas)Sucking + winglessFlat side to side for weaving between hairs quicklyHind legs, secondary apterous, for jumping Diptera (flies)Haltere, 1 pair of wings, allow for agile flyingExtremely important groupMosquitoes are most deadly creature in the worldLepidoptera (moths and butterflies)Scaled wingsProboscis mouth parts for nectar feedingMany caterpillars are stinging and poisonousBlood-feeding moths (in Eurasia), tearing hooks used to scrape away the skin and drinkblood for the salts, not known to spread any diseaseHymenopteraMarriage winged - front wing hooked to back wingEusocial or solitaryNot very relevant to medicine apart from allergic reactions to bites/stingsBees: many people have extreme allergies to bees, reaction usually occurs on second