ENTO 208 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Lecture 12I. Sand FlyII. ImportanceIII. ControlIV. Black Flies V. ImportanceVI. ControlVII. Biting Midges VIII. ImportanceIX. CulicoidesOutline of Lecture 13I. Horse and Dee Flies: Tabanidaea. Tabanidae importanceb. Tabanidae ControlII. Bot Flies - Family: Oestridaea. Bot Fly Importance b. New World Skin Bot Flies c. Old World Skin Bot Flies d. Nose Bot Fly e. Stomach Bot Fly f. Human Bot flyg. Bot Fly controlCurrent LectureTabanids and Bot Flies (Order Diptera)I. Horse and Dee Flies: Tabanidaea. Over 4,000 speciesb. Some are very largec. Painful bite (chew skin), females require a blood meal for eggs (autogenous)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Univoltine – adults emerge following yeare. Larvae are aquatic and predaciousf. Have colorful compound eyesg. Hostsi. Large mammals, reptiles, birdsh. Many ommatidiai. Matingii. Host seekingi. Attracted to certain colorsi. Typically dark colorsj. Target certain body regionsi. Deer flies – high (head region)ii. Horse flied – more diverse, often legs or ventralk. Blood feeding i. Chemicals (chrysoptin) prevent blood from clottingii. Painful bite increases mechanical transmission- More likely for host to react and interrupt feedikngII. Tabanidae importancea. Nusiancei. Recreational impactii. Larvae bite is painful (swimmers)iii. Impact on livestockb. Vectors of disease agentsi. Surra (Murrina)- Protozoa- Mechanical transmissionii. Equine Infectious Anemia (swamp fever)- Retrovirus- Mechanically vectored- Fever-like symptoms, sudden death- Positives for horses restricted from shows (coggins test)iii. Anaplasmosis- Rickettsia- Mechanical transmission- Cattle have fever, weight loss, 50% mortalityiv. Elaeophorosis- Filarial wormsIII. Tabanidae Controla. Population Surpression is difficulti. Chemical applications not very effectiveb. Alternatives to chemicalsi. Keep shelters away from where pasture meets forrestii. Reduce drain water (larvae habitat)iii. Trapsiv. Biological control (ladybird beetles and dragonflies)v. Mechanical barriersIV. Bot Flies - Family: Oestridaea. Four subfamiliesb. Adults are bee-likec. Maggots are robust with spinesd. Adults do NOT feede. High degree of host specificityf. Humans not typical hostV. Bot Fly Importance a. Little pathologyb. Economic lossi. Damage to hideii. Secondary infections (rare, maggots secrete antibiotics)VI. New World Skin Bot Flies – subfamily: Cuterebrinaea. Mainly on rodents and rabbitsb. Lay eggs near host nestVII. Old World Skin Bot Flies – subfamily: Hypodermatinaea. Rodents, deer, goats, cattleb. Cattle Grubsi. Heel fly/gad – defensive behaviorii. Bot fly will glue eggs to smaller flies to transport eggs to hostVIII. Nose Bot Fly – subfamily: Oestrinaea. Ungulates, horse, elephantsb. Sheep nose botIX. Stomach Bot Fly – subfamily: Gastrerophilinaea. Horses and donkeysi. Horse stomach botX. Human Bot flyXI. Bot Fly controla. Population reductioni. Dipping vatsii. Insecticide treated ear tagsiii. Pour-ons (Systemic)iv. Dust bags or back
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