ENTO 208 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Lecture 4I. EvolutionII. Hexapodsa. Insectai. Examples of individuals in insecta Outline of Lecture 5I. Review of Day 3a. External anatomyII. Mouthpartsa. Blood feedingCurrent Lecture I. Review of Day 3II. Anatomy = Foundation *Parasitic arthropods have developed amazing ways to survive*mouthparts are so important our book has a whole chapter concerning them*don't need to know all the plates of the head a. eyes, antennae and mouth partsi. Eyes: see in shadows and movement, omitidia (sp?) how animal sees, more of these = better visionii. Mouthparts: haustellate mouthparts where actual sucking happensIII. Thorax: naming, know which portions of the thorax that legs, wings, hair are locatedIV. Grasshopper leg - big femur for jumpingi. -large diversity among the rest of the arthropods to adapt to their individual life cycle, mobility, hanging onto hostV. Wings: don't rely too heavily on wings for identification until more detailed taxonomy is reachedi. -those that don't have wings: some have never had wings, some lost them secondarilyVI. Antennae: know basic forms for IDVII. Abdomen: all have turgum and sternum, and pleural membraneVIII. MouthpartsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Possible quiz/test**where are the violin and hourglass on recluse and widowb. Know form and function of the mouthpartsc. Know about blood feedingd. Orientation of mouthparts is major way to describe individuali. Hypomathus – points down, chewingii. Pronagus – points forward, predatoryiii. Opisthonathous – points backward, tucked up sucking (like a straw)e. Mandibulate, Haustellate (more evolved, sucking, sipping, lapping)f. Labrum - upper lip, most interiorg. Maxillae - chewingh. Hypopharynx - "tongue" moves food in mouthi. Labium, - lower lip, sometimes tasting^ forms and function (things that will be tested over)*Depending on the life cycle of the arthropod some have completely lost primitive chewing mouthpartsj. Haustellate (sucking)i. has to be a way to draw food up (some use a pump some use capillary action)k. Salivary pipe - some introduce saliva prior to withdrawing blood, often how infectious agents enter hosti. Food canal and salivary canal "over and under double barrel shotgunl. Sucking mouth parts - mandibles are absent tube formed by maxillae usually mandibles help penetrate for blood feeding but they have adapted new devices- Mosquito - maxillae and mandible have serrated edges to pierce skin- Fly mouthparts - tabanids (biting, lapping muscids, biting) -tabanids get contaminated in blood and then move between hosts, spreads diseaseIX. Mites and ticksa. Palps - important for ID (width and length)b. Hypostome - attaches tick to host and has a saliva that turns to cement essentiallyX. Video - insect feeding behavior a. Flies - Specialized sponging mouthpart, sponge up nutrients with convolutionsb. Honey bee - dippers, probe with mouthparts and pick up heavier sugars, c. Butterflies - feeds on the less viscous d. Spiders - inject digestive enzymese. Mosquito - lower part supports upper part that (labium protects labrum)f. Mantis - grabs holds, chews while prey is still aliveg. Blood feeding - blood is full of water content and is a waste for them so they get rid of it during and afterh. Horseflies - cut skin capillaries and create pool of blood, then uses sponge to suck it upi. Blow fly moves in after horse fly leave its poolXI. Hematophagy - organism that feeds on blooda. Obligatory = require blood (kissing bugs and ticks need blood meal for their lifecycle)b. Optional = individuals of a usually blood feeding don't need bloodc. Example of convergent evolution - arthropod, annelid (leech), nematode (lamprey), mammalian (bat), and avian (vampire finches in the Galapagos, arid island, water is limiting resource), humans (blood sausages and soups, raw meats)XII. Diptera will be covered more, later.a. Lepidoptera - vampire moth, even without mandibles they can puncture skin, only malesuse maxillae (barbs), moth's head rocks back and forth allowing mouthpart to enter and withdraw bloodb. Biological adaptations for blood feeders: good sense of smell, can detect CO2 and heat, usually nocturnal and
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