ENTO 208 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Lecture 14I. MosquitoesII. Identificationa. Species III. Life CycleIV. Common misconception:V. TerminologyOutline of Lecture 15Direct ImportanceI. Vector-borne agentsII. Diseases caused by VirusesIII. Diseases caused by protozoansIV. Diseases caused by filarial nematodesCurrent LectureVector-agent is taken into the vector and undergoes a life stage inside the vector, the agent is then transmitted to a new host Direct importance: -Primarily enzootic, but transfer over to the human populationHumans are often dead end hosts (agent can not replicate enough to be transferred on to a new hostVirusesTogoviridae - EEE, VEE, WEE, ChikungunyaFlaviviridae - Dengue, Yellow Fever, WNV, SLEBunyaviridae - La Crosse Encephalitis, Rift Valley FeverProtozoans - plasmodiums (Malaria), trypanosomasFilarial nematodes (elephantiasis):EEE (Eastern Equine Encephalitis)- this is going on in bird populations currently and is not being heavily monitored unless it starts spilling heavily over into human populationsHumans, pigs, horses are dead end speciesWEE (Western Equine Encephalitis) - horses about 90% mortalityVEE (Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis) - horses can act as a resivoir hostChikungunya virus - symptoms are similar to dengue feverThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Spreading through the world, recently introduced to british virgin islands, then US virgin islands, and now the florida keysCan be transmitted from human to humanDengue - occurred in great apes and was introduced to other countries through slave trade and transport of water barrels (lay resting eggs)Ancestral breeding site is tree holesTransmission in humans mostly seen in areas lacking infrastructure systems Different serotypes of the virus (each used to have its own area, but now they are mixed), if you get one you are partially immune to that one, but if you get a different one you can develop dengue hemoragic fever West Nile - constant transmission between mosquitoes and birds, dead end hosts are horses and birdsIntroduced into the US from the Bronx (brought rare birds for the zoo for breeding, large bird population deaths)Theses mosquitoes are flood water mosquitoes who lay resting eggs in locations with potential for puddling durring dry periods, then when the ig rainflall occurs all the eggs previously laid hatach atonceRift Valley Fever :Malaria - many different species of malariaAfrica has a very human-specific vectorCan sit in a liver for years on end and then show up again:Filariasis - is a wormAffects many aspects of life (work, marriage, etc.), mostly occurs in areas of povertyDog Heart Worm - blocks up heart and creates scar tissue inside
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