PSYC 360 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 9Lecture 1 (August 21)Introduction to the Social PsychologyWhat is the relationship among personality, behavior, and situation? Define a “situation.” DefineSocial Psychology.- Behavior is a person’s observable actions- Personality is an individual’s stable way of typically behaving-Personality influences a person’s behavior.Situation is another word for environment or context. - So the situation is when something is being done, where it is, with whom, and what is being done. - It is where you are at a particular moment.Social Psychology is the why when considering a situation. There are two definitions. - Scientific study of the power of the situation to influence behavior.- Scientific study of how our behavior is influenced by others and our behavior towardothers.Lecture 2 (August 26) Relationship among personality, situations, and behavior. PersonalityBehaviorSituationPersonality and situation influence a person’s behavior. Lecture 3 (August 28)What are the two different types of causation? Define both types of causation. What type of causation is human behavior considered? Define hindsight bias, principle of multiple of determinism, and magic bullet fallacy.The two types of causation are: Deterministic & Probabilistic- Deterministic Causation- If A causes B, then A must always be followed by B.o The two things MUST occur in sequence always- Probabilistic Causation- A’s occurrence increases the likelihood of Bo The occurrence of A does not guarantee that B will occuro Human behavior is probabilistic- Hindsight Bias is the tendency to think we knew something all along even if we didn’to Ex. Football fans stating they knew their team was going to win the game before the game started, but not stating this until after the game was won.- Principle of Multiple Determinism is defined as anything interesting is influenced by many factors.- Magic Bullet Fallacy is mistakenly believing that there is one single cause for a complex eventLecture 4 (September 2)Relationship Variables. What are the 3 logical possibilities when given any scenario?Means CORRELATED withMeans CAUSESThree logical possibilities when given a scenario:- X Y (X causes Y)- Y X (Y causes x)- Z (A third variable, Z, causes both X and Y)Y XWith probabilistic causation we can never say correlation proves causation. So for this class the most logical possibility will be option 3.Lecture 5 (September 5)Third Variable OptionFrom the third variable option we can assume X YLecture 6 (September 11)Why you use random assignment? Define dependent and independent variable. Random Assignment- Assigning people to different groups in an experiment in such a way that everyone has an equal chance of being in each condition/groupUsing a random assignment will eliminate the possibility of a third variable to influence a situation. Independent Variable- the variable that is manipulated in an experimentDependent Variable- the variable that is measuredLecture 7 (September 16) Define Paradox of social cognition. Compare random assignment and random sample. Paradox of social cognition- We have the ability to make extremely complex decisions and we do not use the abilities.Random Sample gives each individual an equal opportunity to be included in a study- Generalizes the population as a whole- Only choses certain people and all treated the sameRandom Assignment is assigning a certain action/part to people by some maneuver such as a coin toss.Lecture 8 (September 18) Discuss Heuristics. Define availability. Define two social cognition processes.Availability- Ease of which something comes to mindAvailability Heuristic- Our tendency to base judgments on how easily relevant events come to mindHeuristics- Rule of thumbRepresentativeness- The extent to which some case looks like a member of a categoryRepresentativeness Heuristics- Basing our judgments on a cases’ representativenessWe should rely on heuristics because being accurate is important, it takes time to follow rules, and we do not know they are actually heuristics- we don’t know they are inaccurate. Controlled thinking is voluntary and conscious.Automatic thinking is involuntary and unconscious. Lecture 9 (September 23)Fundamental Attribution Error.Attributions: Our explanations for people’s behaviorsInternal Attributions- Attributing behavior to personality factorsExternal Attributions- Attributing behavior to situational factorsOur initial attributions of a person are often wrong because we thing of someone’s personality when judging them. We usually do not consider how the situation a person is in effects them.Fundamental Attribution Error- Our tendency to overestimate personality factors and underestimate situational factors when making attributions for other’s behaviors.Fundamental Attribution can be avoided.- Get more data – study the person more- Take time to see more- Take your judgment seriously- Know and understand that we do make mistakes** Please review all notes and look over all information Dr. Larsen has posted on Blackboard. This is just a study guide and should not be your only source to study for this