Exam #3 Study Guide Lectures: 15-23Lecture 15 (April 1)What is poverty?Poverty is a condition of deprivation due to economic circumstances, severe enough that the individual in this condition can’t live with dignity in their so-ciety.How does the US calculate poverty? Who was this formula devel-oped by? And When?The US calculates poverty using a formula that estimates food cost for mini-mum food requirements and whether or not a family can afford to provide. This formula was developed by Mollie Orshansky in the 1960’s and has not changed since then.In 2010, what percent of American families were living in poverty?SOC 100 1st Edition15% of American families were living in poverty-- this was the highest since 1993.What are the problems of using income as a measurement?Using income as a measurement doesn’t capture the activity of people who aren’t living in economically stable areas.What should income as a measurement be replaced by?It should be replaced by consumption levels-- the amount of money going out instead of coming in.What race has the highest percentage in poverty? What is their raceand other races that are high in poverty?Black has the highest percentage in poverty at 27.4%. Next is Latinos at 26.6% and then Non Latino Whites at 12.1%.What percent of children under the age of 18 are in poverty? What are the breakdowns of race in those children?22% of all children under the age of 18 ar ein poverty. Most of them are blackor latino with 12.4% of them being white, 38.2% being black and 35% being latino.What are a couple programs to combat poverty and what are they?First there is head start which is a federally funded preschool to get children in schools early to eat and start an early education. There are also food stamps that provide direct assistance to families of additional support in buy-ing food. Then there is aid to families with dependent families which is other-wise known as welfare.What does “culture of poverty” mean?Culture of poverty argues that poor people adopot certain practices that dif-fer from middle class.Who was “culture of poverty” promoted by and what was his rea-soning?Culture of poverty was promoted by Oscar Lewis in 1966 and he believed that living in poverty produced a system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and practices. It creates dependence on government relief.What was the Moynihan Report?It stated that poverty creates a tangle of pathologies and has poor health and poor educational outcomes. This report focused on the way poverty af-fected families. How does poverty affect African American families?Women started being the head of household which lead to a matriarchal soci-ety, undermining men. African american men abdicated responsibilities as husbands, fathers, and providers.What was the problem of “Culture of Poverty?”Poor people actually have the same values as “mainstream” society such as individualism, hard work, family, etc. Also Culture was poorly defined and op-erationalized-- what part of culture are we talking about?? Third was blaming the victims (aka the ones who live in poverty) for larger structures that sup-port inequality. What are the impacts of poverty actually?Jobs and incomes are lower, education attainment are worse, housing and residential segregation is worse, health and nutrition is worse, and crime is higher.Is the common perception of high crime in poverty true?It depends on how we measure crime. If it it based on arrest rates, then yes. If it is based on self reports, the no. Crime isn’t necessarily predicted by classstatus. Poor people are just as law abiding as middle class and wealthy peo-ple.Does unemployment have a correlation to crime?No unemployment does not have a correlation to crime.Are deviant subcultures real? -- Is there rebellion and rejection of middle class values?No there is no evidence of rebellion and rejection of middle class valuesWhat actually does correlate with poverty?Single parent households, housing with high turnover, poorly funded educa-tional programs, absence of economic development in a community.What are the effects of undermining social control in poverty?It undermines the collective capacity to solve problems and supervise teenagers.What is actually the reason of rise to crime?The rise of crime is due to living/social conditions, NOT poverty.What is the impact of poverty on the criminal justice system?The criminal justice policy targets crime that poor people commit and poor people are disproportionally imprisoned. Also, imprisonment has become a stage in the life course for some African American men.What is perversity thesis?Peversity thesis means antipoverty programs actually increase poverty.Lecture 16 (April 3)What are some global indicators? What is the amount of money the US measures poverty on?1.2 billion live on 1.25 per day. 1.2 billion lack access to electricity. 780 mil-lion lack access to water. 2.5 billion lack access to sanitation.What is moral obligation mean relating to poverty?Moral obligation means we who have so much should contribute to those who have so little.What does self interest mean relating to poverty?Self interest means do more now to help people out so they don’t become a burden on us later on.What does responsiblity mean relating to poverty?Responsibility means alter structures of global power.What are 4 assumptions about poverty?People assume poverty is universally measured, there are global policy pre-scriptions, role of global institutions and technical rather than politcal.What does it mean to look at poverty in a narrow or broad way?To look at in a narrow way means that the person just has no money. Lookingat it in a broad way means it’s a way of life-- the person is incapable of ob-taining money for some reason.Lecture 17 (April 8)What is the “sick role”? Who was it developed by?The sick role consists of rights and obligations and was developed by Talcott Parsons. The rights aspect means that while you are sick you don’t have to perform normal social roles and aren’t held accountable for your condition. The obligations aspect means that you have the obligation to try and get well and seek competent help.What are some problems with the sick role?The sick role places emphasis on individuals rather than social contet. Mean-ing, it ignores whether a person has access to health care and inviduals are held responsible for their own illness.What does illness as a social construct mean? What are some