Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Women as WarriorsII. Families Through HistoryIII. Family Structure and Social ForcesIV. Family Structure and Social Forces-- Racial StratificationV. Family Forms and Social ForcesVI. Family Forms and Social Forces -- Politics and StateVII. A Feminist “Rethinking” of the FamilyVIII. Chore WarsOutline of Current Lecture IX. PovertyX. Measuring PovertyXI. Poverty and Other Systems of StratificationXII. Chidren in PovertyXIII. LBJ’s War on Poverty XIV. “Culture and Poverty”XV. How Culture Might MatterXVI. Impacts of PovertyXVII. Poverty and CrimeXVIII. How Does It WorkXIX. How Culture MattersCurrent LectureXX. PovertySOC 100 1st Editiona. condition of deprivation due to economic circumstances se-vere enough that the individual cannot live in conditions due to their dignity b. offical poverty line in US is calculated by using a formula that was developed in the 1960’s by Mollie Orshanskyi. estimates food cost for minimum food requirements to determine whether a family can “afford” to provide ii. this has not changed since the 1960’sXXI. Measuring Povertya. 2014: about $23,000 for a family of fourb. 2010: about 15% of American families were living in povertyi. highest since 1993c. Problems with using income as a measurement i. doesn’t cappture activity of people who are living in ar-eas that aren’t economically stableThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best1. should be replaced by consumption levelsa. money going out instead of going inXXII. Poverty and Other Systems of Stratificationa. Poverty Rates by Racei. 27.4% Blacksii. 26.6% Latinosiii. 12.1% Non Latino whites b. Poverty Rates by GenderXXIII. Children in Povertya. 22% of all children under the age of 18 are in povertyi. mostly black and latino1. 12.4% white2. 38.2% Black3. 35% LatinoXXIV. LBJ’s War on Poverty a. Programs to Combat Povertyi. Head Start: federally funded preschools to get children in schools early to eat and start and early educationii. Food Stamps: direct assistance to families of additional support in buying foodiii. Aid to families with dependent children (otherwise known as welfare)XXV. “Culture of Poverty”a. argues that poor people adopt certain practices that differ from middle classi. promoted by Oscar Lewis (1966)1. living in poverty produced a system of values, at-titudes, beliefs, and practices2. creates dependence on government reliefb. Moynihan Reporti. poverty creates “tangle of pathologies”1. poor health and poor educational outcomesii. focused on the way poverty affected families1. Especially the decline of African American familiesa. women headed households lead to matricar-chal society, undermining menb. African American men abdicated responsibil-ities as husbands, fathers, and providersc. Problems=evidencei. poor people actually have same values as “mainstream”society (individualism, hard work, family, etc.)ii. “culture” was poorly defined and operationalized1. What are we talking about here? Attitudes? Be-liefs? Etc?iii. blaming the victims (the ones living in poverty) for larger structures that support inequality1. deindustrialization2. globalization3. discrimination4. The Criminal Justice SystemXXVI. How Culture Might Mattera. understand how people cope and escape povertyi. Coping1. Family ties and friendship networks 2. rotataing credit association among immigrant poorii. Escaping1. individualism weighs against using network con-nections to get jobsXXVII. Impacts of Povertya. actual correlations of povertyi. Jobs and Incomes are lowerii. education attainment is worseiii. housing and residential segregation is worseiv. health and nutrition is worsev. crime is higherXXVIII. Poverty and Crimea. why so often in poor communities?i. common perception-- is it true?1. depends on how we measure crimea. arrest rates- trueb. self reports- falsei. crime isn’t predicted by class status1. All across SES systemii. poor people are just as law-abiding as Middle Class/wealthy peopleii. Unemployment? -- no correlationiii. Deviant Subcultures1. rebellion of middle class values2. rejection of middle class valuesb. no evidenceb. Poverty undermines social controli. correlates of poverty1. single parent households, housing with high turnover, poorly funded educational programs, ab-sence of economic development in communityii. Effects?1. undermines collective capacity to solve problems and supervise teenagersiii. **living/social conditions are giving rise to crime, not poverty**XXIX. How Does It Work?a. impact of poverty and criminal justice systemi. criminal justice policy1. targets crime that poor people committ b. drugs and sentencing2. poor people of color disproportionally imprisonedb. Effects?i. prison has become a stage in the life course for some African American menXXX. How culture Might Mattera. culture discourse about povertyi. work, responsibility, opportunity, deservingnessii. Peversity Thesis1. antipoverty programs actually increase