Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture II. Purpose of Social ScienceIII. Where and How To Start ResearchIV. Research StrategiesV. Designing the ResearchVI. Data CollectionVII.Role of ResearcherVIII. Looking at RelationshipsOutline of Current Lecture IX. CultureX. History of CultureXI. Material CultureXII.Non-Material CultureXIII. Cultural “Toolkit”XIV. SubculturesXV.Reflection TheoryXVI. Cultural ChangeXVII. Material Culture on Silk RoadCurrent LectureXVIII. Culturea. society’s set of beliefs, traditions, and practicesSOC 100 1st Editionb. key distinction of trying to understand:i. natural environmentii. modified or created by humansXIX. History of Culturea. evolution of the concept of culturei. culture gets used to make distinctions between Europeans and others (in both positive and negative ways)1. Ethnocentrismii. culture begins to include intellectual refinementsb. Cultural relativism i. you must recognize there are differences across cultures without passing judgement or assigning valuesXX. Material Culture a. constructed environmentb. Example: architecture, entertainment, fashion, foodXXI. Non-Material Culturea. intangible; sets of common beliefs that shape our behaviorsb. Example: values, beliefs, behaviors social normsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Values: morals, beliefs, abstract idealsii. Norms: rules of social life that everyone is expected to ob-serve1. written down norms: laws2. non-written down norms: not dancing in classiii. socialization- internalizing values, beliefs, and norms a so-ciety and learning to function as a member of that societyXXII. Cultural “Toolkit”a. culture provides us with a lot of cultural scripts (modes of behav-ior and understanding to make sense of our interactions with oth-ers)i. these shape our beliefs and actions1. Example: using hashtags and vulgar languageii. look for them in the language people use1. Examples: our rituals (how we act at dinner/class), the way we act, dress, and what we sayiii. subcultures1. groups united by sets of values, traits, behavior pat-terns, and shared symbols distinguished from others with in the same culture or societyiv. Reflection Theory1. culture projets social structure and social relation-ships into the public sphere2. translates our values and beliefs into our ritualsv. Cultural Change1. external eventsa. Examples: wars and natural disastersb. leads people to look at the world in a different way2. transformation of valuesa. cultural scripts used in new situationsi. Example: technologyb. Silk Roadi. “Old Silk Road”1. trade routs linking China to Mediterranean Sea2. Fostered cultural interactionsii. “New Silk Road”1. drug marketplace2. enabled by technologyiii. Material Culture on Silk Road1. drugs were being bought and soldiv. Silk Road Values1. economic libertarianisma. taxation and institutions was coercionb. internet was way too liberate for usc. faith in use of technology for liberationv. Silk Road’s Cultural Toolkit1. e-commerce2. transformed drug tradea. violence to resolve disputesvi. Future of Silk Road1. arrests and prosecutiona. Ulbrichtb. Chief executives of Bitnstant, Bitocin dealers2. National Security agency3. replacementsa. sheep market