Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. Stratification ReviewII. Sex, Sexuality, and GenderIII. Gender: What Does It Take To Be a Woman (or a Man)?IV. Women and EducationV. Gender in WorkplaceVI. Women at WorkVII. Feminism as a Social MovementVIII. Feminism as Sociology TheoryIX. Understanding GenderX. Gender TheoriesOutline of Current Lecture XI. Women as WarriorsXII. Families Through HistoryXIII. Family Structure and Social ForcesXIV. Family Structure and Social Forces-- Racial StratificationXV. Family Forms and Social ForcesSOC 100 1st EditionXVI. Family Forms and Social Forces -- Politics and StateXVII. A Feminist “Rethinking” of the FamilyXVIII. Chore WarsCurrent LectureXIX. Women as Warriorsa. Combat Exlusioni. limited women to non-combat rolesii. Defining Combat1. definition too broad; covered position that didn’t involve ground combatb. Ground Combati. position where people are firing bombs and such; very dangerousii. Definition of Ground Combat for Women1. put women in ground combat (very dangerous po-sitions) -- but they were “attached” not assigned to ground combata. not as many priveleges, didn’t get the credit2. Example: Lynn Thompson -- 19 years oldThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is besta. Was driving a transport convoy and it got bombed; people got injured and she got them out of dangerb. 1st female winner of Silver Star but wasn’t assigned to combat while receiving awardXX. Families Through Historya. early modern families depended heavily on kinship networksi. kindship networks: systems of relationships of people related by blood and marriageii. supported themselves through widespread economic ac-tivityb. the industrial revolution created a division of work and familyi. kinship networks weakened as people became more mobileii. men were associated with workiii. women regulated the private world of managing a house and raising children 1. work for which they were not paidXXI. Family Structure and Social Forcesa. Nuclear Familyi. traditional family consisting of father and mother and bi-ological childrenb. Extended Familyi. Family extended beyond nuclear family and beyond home1. Example: grandparents/great grandparentsc. The traditional nuclear family is not a timeless and universal concepti. developed in response to conditions in a specific time and placeii. the post WWII FINISHd. family structure reflections stratificationi. Endogamy1. marriage to someone within ones social group (race, ethnicity, class, etc.)ii. Exogamy1. marriage to someone from a different social groupXXII. Family Structure and Social Forces -- Racial Stratificationa. Civil Rights Movement and Challenges to Segregationi. Mostly Southern states had laws banning inter-racial marriageb. Loving vs Virginia-- supreme court case in 1967 that ended these lawsi. racial integrity Act of 1924ii. “co-habiting as man and wife against the peace and dig-nity of the common wealth”XXIII. Family Forms and Social Forcesa. several social and economic trends have brought about sig-nificant changes in the organization of work and family life since the 1970’s:i. increase of divorce ratesii. decrease of marriage and fertility ratesiii. increase of woemn in the work forceb. Diversity in familiesi. about 8% of all households are occupied by couples co-habtingii. no real “typical” family in Western society today1. multiple generations can live together2. step siblings/ half siblings3. many single parent families4. individuals/couples can choose not to get married or not to have childrenXXIV. Family Forms and Social Forces -- Politics and Statea. “The state” encourages marriage and familyi. marriage = licensingb. states doles out benefits to marriages and family relationshipsof which it approvesi. Why?1. stability for social control2. caretaking in families3. reproduces members of a societyc. Heterosexual Marriagei. marriage laws implied heterosexual marriagesii. states imposed constitutional bans and restrictions on marriageiii. federal government refused to recognize same sex-mar-riageiv. Justifications?1. the reason we have marriage is to protect childrend. Political Changesi. 20121. Windsor vs USa. Partner passed away and she wanted to in-herit her partner’s propery but was prohib-ited from doing so in the US. Argued she had a legal marriage from Canada2. Perry vs Browna. Proposition 8 banned same sex marriage in California-- Surpreme Court in 2012 said thiswas unconstitutional3. Same-sex marriage becoming legal in the USe. Monogamyi. practice of marrying (or being in a relationship) with oneperson at a timef. Polygamyi. system of marriages that allows people to have more than one spouse at a timeii. associated with MourmonismXXV. A Feminist “Rethinking” of the Familya. Feminist theories suggest gender roles are learned in the fam-ilyb. Family can be a battleground for power over decisions about chores, housing, raising children, spending money, etc.XXVI. The Chore Warsa. women today have two jobsi. paid labor outside homeii. unpaid labor inside homeb. second shifti. unpaid labor inside home often expected of women af-ter they get home from workii. produces instability among