Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Social GroupsII. Size of Social GroupsIII. Relationships in GroupsIV. Types of GroupsV. Influence of Social GroupsVI. Influential GroupsVII.Groups to NetworksVIII. Facebook and Sense of SelfIX. Strength of Weak TiesX. Social CapitalOutline of Current Lecture XI. Social CohesionXII. Social ControlXIII. DevianceXIV. Deviance and Social ControlXV. What Strain Theory Looks LikeXVI. Standford Prison ExperimentSOC 100 1st EditionXVII. Symbolic InteractionistXVIII. CrimeXIX. Types of CrimeCurrent LectureXX. Social Cohesiona. idea of howe we all live togetherb. the way people form social bonds, relate to each other, and get along on a day to day basis i.Dircon says there are two types:1.Mechanical Solidaritya.based on sameness of society’s parts or membersb.Example: Amish community because evryoneis extremely similar2. Organic Solidaritya. based on people being different but interde-pendent (to achieve goals)ii. Collective Conscience2. common assumptions about how the world works3. sets standards of behavioriii. AnomieThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best2. sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be pre-dictable3. opposite of sense of social cohesionXXI. Social Controlb. set of mechanisms that create normative compliance in indi-vidualsi. normative complaince means obeying the rulesii. making sure we fall in the lineXXII. Devianceb. any transgression of socially established normsc. Types:i. Informal Deviance:2. minor transgressions of these norms3. Example: picking your nose or dancing in classii. Formal Deviance:2. otherwise known as crime3. involves violation of lawsd. when sociologists talk about deviance, it means we are violat-ing social normsi. this could be a good thinge. social judgement; not a moral judgementf. Informal Social Sanctionsi. unspoken rules and expectations about people’s behav-iorii. maintain a base level of order and cohesion in society and form a foundation for formal social controlg. Formal Social Sanctioni. criminal laws and punishments 2. fines, prison, death penaltyXXIII. Deviance and Social Controlb. Why do people commit deviant acts?i. Theories2. Robert Merton’s Strain Theorya. Structual theoryi. society has socially accepted goals1. Example: American Dreamii. society sets methods for achieving those goals1. Example: college and a jobiii. deviance occurs when these two things don’t happen2. Symbolic Interactionist Theorya. Labeling Theoryi. people notice how others label themii. their reactions to those labels over time form the basis of their self iden-tityiii. Howard Becker: deviants cretated by process of labeling1. primary deviance: first act of rule breaking2. secondary deviance: deviant acts that follow as a result of theprimary devianceXXIV. What Strain Theory Looks Likea. Conformistsi. accept the goals of society and the means of achieving those goalsb. Innovatorsi. accept the goals of the society, but they look for new or innovative ways of achieving thosec. Retreatistsi. rejects both socially accpetable means and goals by re-treating from societyd. Ritualistsi. aren’t interested in the goals of society but accept the means of achieving those goalse. Rebelsi. rejects both socially acceptable means and goals by al-tering or destroying the institutions from which they are alienated XXV. Standford Prison Experimenta. led by Zimbardo; a psychologistb. randomly assigned subjects to be either a prisoner or prison guardc. participants were white, middle class men and submitted to 2 week prison stimulationd. problems with the study:i. methods of recruiting subjects1. idea of being prison simulation attracted people with a cruel streakii. researcher’s involvement in study1. he was superintendent XXVI. Symbolic Interactionista. Stigmai. negative social label that changes your behavior towarda person; also changes that person’s self-concept and identityii. has serious consequences in terms of the opportunities made available or not made availible to peopleXXVII. Crime a. formal means of social controlb. some deviant behaviors so far outside the limitsc. in laws, we specify penalties for violationsi. fines, prison, death penaltyXXVIII. Types of Crimea. Street Crimei. committed in public and often associated with violence or loss or propertyb. White Collar Crimei. committed by a professional against corporation, agency, or other business1. Corporate Crime- type of white collar crime com-mitted by the officers or executives of a companyc. Public Order Crimei. behaviors that are contrary to shared norms, social val-ues, and customs1. Victimless Crimesa. these usually follow under the categories of sex and drugsi. Example: porn and prostitutionii. reflect societal consensus and are subject to