Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture II. Sociological Imagination III. Modern Theories of SociologyIV. Social InstitutionsV. Social IdentityOutline of Current Lecture VI. Purpose of Social ScienceVII. Where and How To Start ResearchVIII. Research StrategiesIX. Designing the ResearchX. Data CollectionXI. Role of ResearcherXII.Looking at RelationshipsCurrent LectureXIII. Purpose of Social Sciencea. DescriptionSOC 100 1st Editioni. describes the social world by looking for patterns of behav-iors or interactions that people would by surprised byb. Explanation (causation)i. identifying factorsii. Example: why do poor people have poor health**These areas are where sociologists are interested inc. Predictioni. sociologists are skeptical of thisXIV. Where/How to Starta. Research Questionsi. How (some small part) does the world work?ii. Have others studied the same thing?1. empirical studies?2. theories that govern it?a. theories are kind of like predictions3. sociologists put these togetheriii. Participating in sociological conversationsb. Research Strategiesi. Deductive research1. stars with theory2. develops hypothesis (prediction)3. makes emperical observationsa. looking at the worldThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. analyze the dataa. confirms, rejects, or modifies theory; rejecting the theory is very rareii. Inductive Research1. Begins imperical observations2. Builds theory based on observations 3. Correlation through comparative casesXV.Designing the Researcha. Identifying Concepts and Relationshipsb. Variablesi. narrowing down conceptsii. dependent variable: the outcome we are interested iniii. independent variable: the explanations of outcomesc. Operationalizationi. Method for measuring a variabled. Picking a Population and Samplei. Random Samplesii. Case StudiesXVI. Data Collectiona. Quantitative i. survey research, demography, content analysis b. Qualitativei. participant observation, interviews, ethnography, historicalmethods, content analysisXVII. Researcha. Role of Researcheri. Experimenter Effects1. is our presence effecting the results of the research?2. reflexivityb. Ethicsi. do no harmii. consentiii. voluntarinessc. Public SociologyXVIII. Looking at the Relationshipsa. Poor People and Foodi. Poor people and diets: Why is harder for them to eat healthy?1. Cost?2. Dependent variable: diet3. independent variable: personal preference, cultural traditions, cost, food deserts a. Food Deserts i. Data Collection In New Yorkii. Dependent variable: Accessibility to healthy food1. supermarkets2. “healthy” bodegas (availability of fruits and veggies)3. fast food restaurants4. They scored based on distance to these areasiii. Independent Variables: Race/ethnicity,
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