COMM 104 Lecture 16Outline of Past LectureI. Deductive ReasoningII. Types of Deductive ReasoningOutline of Current LectureI. Deductive Classification of ObjectsII. Deductive RelationshipsIII. Fallacies in Deductive ReasoningI. Objects are grouped using two different approaches in deductive reasoning. a. Applying a Generalization: this approach says that a large group includes a smaller part. Each smaller part belongs to a subgroup. This subgroup is therefore a part of the larger blanket group. In other words, everyone who tans could get skin cancer. My best friend tans. Therefore, my best friend could get skin cancer. b. Applying an Exception: this method is the opposite of the first one. It takes a large group, excludes a specific case and makes the connection that the specific case is not part of the larger group. For example: Every Mountaineer Maniac attends WVU. Sally does not attend WVU. Therefore, Sally is not a Mountaineer Maniac. II. Relationships are also shown in two different ways in deductive reasoning.a. Transitivity: This reasoning shows that if one variable has a relationship to another, and that second variable has the same relationship to a third variable, These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.then the first and third variables are related. Example: if Haley and Kaylea are sisters, Kaylea and Sara are sisters, then Haley and Sare are also sisters. b. Reflexivity: This approach simply states that two different objects have the same type of relationship with eachother. Example: Corey is Chandler's cousin. Therefore, Chandler is Corey's cousin. Deductive Fallacies:a. Affirming the Consequent: This assumes that if A is true then B is true. Since B is true, A therefore has to be true. This is a fallacy because B could be true because of something unrelated to A. b. Denying the Antecedent: If A is true, B is true. If A is not ture, then B cannot be true. This reasoning is false because B can still be true even if A is false. c. False Classification: This assumes that when a small variable is part of a larger group, it is also part of a subgroup within the very large group. d. Composition and Division: This states that the characteristics of a group as a whole equal the characteristics of the smaller parts. It also can assume that the parts of a group have all the same qualities of the larger